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Starting with U=2.2, going down to U=0.38 saves about 45kWh/yr per m2 and going down to U=0.2 saves about 50kWh/yr per m2 in central England. (Full SAP model)

1950's house I live in had an 8mm copper system for 30 years. Radiator runs supplied in parallel by a central manifold. No issues.

Technical point, kJ/K cannot be correct as it has no element of time. A Watt is one Joule per second (J/s) and a specific heat loss of 179W/K is probably meant. This would be about right. Is there a separate value for thermal bridges?

Not the main SAP Index, but there others within SAP that have 'eco goodness'. Fabric Energy Efficiency (FEE), Environmental Impact Rating (EI), Dwelling Emission Rate (DER)

SAP is a COST index, given the current price of gas vs daytime electricity switching to gas could increase your SAP score. https://forum.buildhub.org.uk/topic/11185-what-is-the-effect-of-epc-changes/?tab=comments#comment-188312

Sodium Hypochlorite is automatically created when Hypochlorous acid is present with Na ions (from NaCl) Only because of the low concentrations https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypochlorous_acid

My question too. Conventiional timber frames are attached to the brick façade with 'hold down' straps and the weight of the brick keeps it in place. All dpcs reject water and this prevents chemical bonding with the mortar

2kW oil filled radiator with timer or 2kW silent fan heater with thermostat

No, your are thinking 'Inverter', which turns D.C. into A.C.. A diverter is a device which redirects electricity which would otherwise be exported to another load (usually an immersion heater)

Remember you can always use a default value of 15m3/m2.hr (Part L1A 3.22b)

@Marco Van Bowden, to either UVC or Sunamp why not fit waste water heat recovery (WWHR) and effectively half heat usage for showers? e.g. https://www.heatraesadia.com/products/renewables/waste-water-heat-recovery https://recoupwwhrs.co.uk/?gclid=Cj0KCQjw0Mb3BRCaARIsAPSNGpV3WsbaECDhy1CMA5wGDyN4nZj39Wa9nPqndlyVVdBFcZVs1QOa2nMaAq43EALw_wcB others are available

@Ivan_England, You have not said how thick it is to be, but assuming 25mm, DIY kits can cost £8-10m2 , https://superfoam.co.uk/index.php/hikashop-menu-for-categories-listing/product/128-foamseal-600-diy-kit?_ga=2.26863357.1527463307.1592643557-382492703.1592643557 so your £50m2 might be a bit high for installed. At 25mm you would be adding 1 R unit of thermal resistance and it would not be worthwhile for this alone. If the foam would be part of an air tightness envelope for the whole building it would improve the viability but not if there are other significant air leakages.

The products (J/kg.K x W/m.K) are Cellulose 84, Timber 208, Brick 280 and Concrete 1350. What is the energy source to drive this cooling and where does the energy go?

Usually electricity but wet in-duct heaters are available, normally gas fired, distribution temperatures can be quite high so ASHP may not suitable. It will act as a store but since heat rises probably not as a sink for when the 1st floor overheats. It would require active movement of the heat to the ground floor. Stepping where angels ................? Cellulose and timber do have higher specific heat capacities 2100J/kg.°C and 1600J/kg.°C than Brick, 500J/kg.°C and Concrete, 750J/kg.°C but the greater density of these, 1750kg/m3 and 2300kg/m3 compared to 40kg/m3 and 500kg/m3 means that they store more heat on a volumetric basis. Concrete 1725kJ/m3, Brick 1400kJ/m3, Timber 800kJ/m3 Cellulose 84kJ/m3

hello and welcome, I would heat the GF with UFH if you want. This would reduce the heat-loss of the first floor to a point where a post heater in the ducting of the MVHR to the first floor could easily cope with the first floor heat demand.

Supafil loose fill mineral fibre insulation from Knauf:- https://www.knaufinsulation.co.uk/insulation-products/blowing-wool-insulation or Walltite, an injected polyurethane foam from BASF with a low thermal conductivity of around 0.025W/m.K https://walltite.basf.co.uk/

Only complete walls have a 'U-value', what you need is the thermal conductivity, W/m.K from which you calculate the thermal resistance or R-value for each component. R=thickness in mm/(thermal conductivity*1000) Then add all the R-values together and invert to get the U-value. Here is the data for thermalite turbo block https://www.forterra.co.uk/plugins/downloads/files/Thermalite_Turbo_datasheet_1.pdf N.B. This is only for above dpc applications, thermal conductivities below dpc are much higher, typically 0.25W/m.K

Honeybees will relocate if they think they are threatened by fire. Heavily smoking the location may work but you may have to use a 'nuclear' option.

hello and welcome, Dave have things changed recently? https://edavies.me.uk/2014/02/sketch-update/

Assuming you insulate external surfaces to 0.11-0.12 with windows <1.0 and you can do infiltration to 0.6ach@50Pa (Passivhaus standard) and an MVHR you could heat with sub 1000kWh per year. Your hot water demand will be 2000kWh/yr or more.

At 40°C you would need a radiator with a 70°C output of (100/32.1)*1500 or 4673 Btu. That is to get the same output. In practice ASHP houses are usually heated for longer each day so the radiator can be smaller, say 2/3 value calculated.

Relative to 70°C outputs at 30°C/13.5%, 40°C/32.1%, 50°C/53.0%, 60°C/75.8% for rooms at 20°C and 'ordinary' radiators

Hello and welcome. PH build costs can be upto +15% over building regs. So effect on total costs can be minimal.

methylene blue? - I used to use it a concentration so dark as to make the colours of a fish I was using it to treat 'whitespot' for indistinguishable.

@Kings , perhaps you could incorporate Foamglas insulation in some way. It is incombustible and unaffected by heat to a high temperature. https://www.foamglas.com/en/advice-center/protection-areas/temperature