Gus Potter

Hello RachelG Build Hub is a mine of info. It may take a leap of faith but the more info you provide the better quality response, tips and advice you will get. I have found you can always learn something new here. All the best with the renovation.

For the splay detail it's worth making sure your tile battens don't have to span too far so a nogging can take the bounce out. Also, if you are up on the roof giving the window a deep clean say then you don't want to damage the flashing if you step too near. For wider windows then the nogging has to be increased in size. This is a part detail but this mono pitch roof has timber sarking boards, counter batten, batten and breathable membrane. The fillet at ceiling level gives you a wider target for fixing the insulated plaster board at the bottom of the splay and you can maintain the minimum edge distance for the plasterboard fixings.

Good points from all. It's worth asking the question whether the connection design is included or not. For domestic applications don't forget that although the beam sizes may be fairly small, the connections are also small so you can develop pretty high stress etc in these. Typically stress is calculated by Force / Area ... so small force / small area leads to the same/ similar stress concentration as ~ Big force / Big area. A good number of frame analyses packages (this is a bit of software that allows you to join all the beams etc together and quickly calculate the forces / deflection etc ) have a bolt on connection design module. This module allows you to design the connections and export the connection detail to another cad package or just print it out along with the calculations. The main thing is you need to know enough / have experience to make sure that what the software is printing out is not rubbish! A good thing here is that you can play about and tweek a connection to say fit in with the Architectural detail, or you may be forming a big slapping in a wall for a set of bifolds. Here you may have some torsional forces (twisting) in a connection which you can't avoid and the look up tables don't work for this. The software does the donkey work and you can then modify the calculations to suit. I find that there are a good few fabricators, partcularly smaller ones who don't have their own in house SE's (or are just too busy) to spend time connection designing on a small job. If you can hand it to them on a plate where they can just pass it to the shop floor you can make savings that offset (sometimes more) the extra SE cost. For domestic stuff a local SE will say know the local fabricators, how they like to work and play to their strengths and this can bring the cost in the round down. For the unwary.. connections don't always play fair! For example you may think that if you have a detail that shows a 8mm thick plate and you swap this for a 20mm thick plate (thinking it must be better) you have lying about this can suddenly make the connection much stiffer as the 20mm plate is less flexible than the 8mm plate, now you can overstress the welds and welds are often not as ductile (stretchy) as say the steel in the beam.. so you can get a sudden failure. An easy way of looking at this is if you take a ruler and support each end on a small bit of copper pipe, load it in the middle, the ruler bends and the ends rotate on the pipe, call this a pinned connection. All the pipe needs to do is carry half the vertical load you apply to the ruler. Now if you fix each end of the ruler to the pipe (which could actually be a column) it will bend less in the middle but this fixity at then ends introduces a "rotational" force called a moment as well. Now you have a moment connection. Here the top surface of the ruler is in tension, the bottom in compression. You can now see that the end connection has to deal with an extra force that can be quite substancial. On a lastish point, I have found that the easier you make it for a small builder fabricator on particularly domestic work the better in terms of cost. Yes, the SE may be a bit more expensive but the savings can be substancial. I always like to see the options explained in terms of the brief and this allows for an informed decision.

Hope it helped, although some of it was not specific to you. The main thing here is to keep talking to the SE. There may be an oversight in how the brief has been communicated to you and how you have interpreted it. Some fabricators can be a bit forthwrite too! It may be that a bit of give and take with the SE it will smooth the way. @SteveMack"Also, I wouldn’t mind if it was some simple connections I’d have a go as you suggest but they are all moment connections and 2 involve a 6m 305x305x198 uc connecting to a 400mm deep RHS which is holding up 80% of the gable end of the house. " I'm curious looking at the section sizes as to what you are doing. How all this is connected into the rest of the structure and given the sizes there may be some high loads, more likely you have some kind of sway resistant frame, I'm guessing though. The UC sections you have look huge for a domestic project unless you have a very big house. The SE may be using these sizes to reduce sway and have designed it as a portal frame with a pinned base connection. But, you can also do these as a box frame with side / top plates and this can reduce the weight of steel and spead the loads more evenly over the founds, more mangeable on site and much easier to drill etc to enable connection to the surrounding structure, thus less labour cost, more opportunity to use standard fixings, straps etc, make onsite adjustments when setting out errors occur, for example.. The SE should have provided clear detail showing how the frame is to be connected to the rest of the structure as this is also a safety critical aspect. The stability system is not something that fabricators generally touch. If this is not clear how the stability and restraint system works.. with all restraint fixings specified / detailed in such a way that it is applicable to your project then it's worth querying. If this detail is not robust then the SE may review and you may find that the issue you have resolves it's self. Just as an aside a 305 x 305 x 198 has a 31.4mm thick flange and a 19.1mm thick web. Consider how you can fix a brick tie say to something that thick, site drill it if you are the joiner with a battery drill and find say that the setting out is a bit off? Hope you can make some progess Steve, the builders may have some good ideas.

Subtle Onoff. I would say port of the left (port side) where the hot should be, white on the right and go a mid postition ( Honeywell) valve for roseeeeeee

All the best Guy. Post some drawings, any info you have on ground conditions and so on and you'll get a few good tips on BH to mull over.

Hope this extra info helps. On larger jobs the SE will often contract to produce the steel schemework / call this a general arrangement. They calculate the various forces, size the members and provide drawings that show the beam/ columns, their sizes, grades etc and finish, paint or otherwise. They also provide a list or show the forces @SteveMackon the connections and what type of connection is required, "simple", "moment".. "wind moment connection"... there are others too. This allows each fabricator who is tendering to design the connection that is most economic for them to produce. The connection design is often passed back the SE to ensure that it meets say the overall stability requirements of the structure. What is advisable to do if you are an SE is to make sure that the fabricator can actually design and practically fabricate the connection as if not it can be embarrassing. The SE may just rough something out or take an educated guess and make some notes which you may not see. The key here is that you (SE) need to make this clear to the Client in your letter of engagement / brief that this is what you only are providing. This is particularly important when dealing with less experienced Clients. Fabricators come in all shapes and sizes. Some have their own in house structural designers, some don't. It's quite common that the fabricator will come back to the SE and ask "can you do the connection design" and we will pay you for it as part of our package. We sometimes call this getting novated to the contractor. Essentially, you go and work for the contractor for a while. There are pro's and cons to this. There can be quite a lot of work in designing well balanced and cost effective connections. Once you have done this there can be significant amount more work to be done if you then go on to produce the fabrication drawings that go to the shop floor. Often for example each component plate / beam has its own drawing often called a shaft and plate drawing. You then have what are called assembly drawings. If you have a beam with a plate welded to each end this is an "assembly". All the assemblies are then bolted together to form the frame and you have GA (general arrangement) drawings for this. On bigger jobs and even small ones that big fabricators slip in as filler jobs you may also give them what is called an NC file, (numerical control file) this is actually a normal text file .txt that they can plug pretty much into their drilling and cutting line and so on. But the approach I favour for small domestic works, say knocking down a wall with a beam and columns is to produce all the steel info that a small builder needs to price (tender) easily. They can see what they need to do and not have to worry too much other than check the site dimensions once things are opened up.. before fabrication. You may think this can delay the job but what you do is to book your production slot at the chosen fabricator and thus can deal with last minute minor changes, say a few mm in beam length etc. The steel info is wrapped up in a package, zipped up in a zip file and all they need to do is send the zip file to the fabricators for pricing etc. Below is a GA for a small job.. knocking down a wall with a wind post. Important notes are added so they don't get missed. I have screen shotted parts of the drawing. The fabrication package for this beam and column contains 8 drawings. Often the smaller fabricators buy in the plates / shafts so if you make it easy for them the price comes down and this offsets the SE cost. All they need to do here is send the plate drawings to the plate supplier, shaft to another, get the components in, weld them up and paint or send to galvaniser. Here is part of the assembly drawing for the column And here is part of a plate drawing. The title boxes and a little info has been removed to try and avoid identification and so on.

Thanks Tony and Peter for your help, much appreciated. I was asking as I want to fix a wind post to the aerated block type in the photo with undercut resin anchors to replace an internal racking wall that is coming down. For all. A good few blocks, Thermalite etc have different scratch markings / scratch pattern on them so you can identify the unit strength. H + H Celcon are painted on the end but for a wall that is up already and you only have a photo to work with.. Was struggling to match these ones so was having to base the anchor design on 2.9 N/mm^2 rather than on a higher value.

Hello all. I'm trying to identify the type of aerated block in the photo. Sorry about the quality but it is all I have to work with. Apparently it was taken during the original construction. My best guess so far is that it is a Tarmac DUROX Supa block. Block size is 600 long x 215 high x 100mm thick. The scratch pattern is horizontal. House built 2007 - 2008 South side of Glasgow. Brick outer leaf, aerated concrete block on the inner.

Although I have made the odd very small rebar cage, bent bars myself on site there are quite a lot of odds and sods to take account of. There is plenty info on the net and you should if in any doubt check with say your SE. You can find what is called the minimum bend radius and rebar suppliers web pages... BS8666 Shape Codes etc. Rebar is elastic up to a point. Over stretch it (make the bend too tight say) and this is compromised. If you take a paper clip and bend it a few times you can soon see what may happen to your bar. Also, if you bend the bar more than once (get it wrong) this reduces the ductility which is very important. It's not a good idea to use a bit of tube to bend the bar as this can notch the bar and / or introduce really high zones of stress in the bar. You can get a hand held bender for not too much (second hand also) that will do for small diameter bars. Sometimes say in renovation when time is short and you don't know the actual sizes until say you open something up then this can avoid a delay.. but make sure that say the SE is happy with this approach.

I would excercise caution here. The chimney breast may be contributing towards stiffening a wall. If you take a chunk out of it will that have a consequence? The fixing of a gallows bracket to the wall is one of the most important things. Ask the builder what brackets they think will be appropriate. Go on the net and look carefully at the manufacture's installation instructions.. the wall/ brick type and exactly where and how the fixings have to be installed so they can carry the weight. Often you'll see that the fixings have to be positioned near the centre of the bricks ect and carefully installed, you are not putting up a shelf for books.. there is a bit to it if you want to be sure all is ok. Urchin.. you may actually find that there is a different way.. cheeper and more cost effective too. Post some photos, diagrams etc and you'll get help here on BH. @tonyshouse "have seen lots corbelled , no steel, no gallows bracket and no wood, no falling down. the prof of structural engineering at Cambridge University told me once that if a masonry structure can stand for 5 mins ti will stand forever BUilding Inspectors like belt and braces as no liability on them and they don’t have to pay for it. " There is a saying that a building will only fall down when it has exhausted all other means of support..wind etc . However, we are afflicted with more common shoddy workmanship. Sometimes for small works you really need to consider the fact that workmanship standards often drop and design for this.

Hi all. This a massive can of worms and much is to do with a lack of design coordination. For all.. a rough overview. For the last few decades once we started using lighter roofs on masonry cavity wall construction (trussed rafters as opposed to heavy cut timber roofs) we found that the roofs got sucked off. We then started to fix a metal straps to connect the roof to the heavy cavity wall to hold it down. Moving on to timber frame / SIPS. At ground floor it was recognised that when you have a timber kit (include SIPS) that under more extreme wind uplift the wind could lift the TF and the roof so we had straps at the bottom. The straps are usually turned into the outer leaf of masonry and this held the whole lot down. However, that is only part of the story. Now we have this desire to have large openings/ glazing. When the wind blows it wants to tip the building sideways so we need to prevent this. Previously we had a heavy masonry wall / smaller openings. For the building to move sideways the wind etc had to overturn the portions of walls, but the mass of the walls and the shear strength of the mortar resisted this. Now we know that a SIPS panel can carry vertical load. If you stand a SIPS panel up and push it from the top end along it's length .. it's intuitive that it is not going to move much.. call this inplane stiffness. When you have for example panels that are higher than their length, at ground floor the wind can generate significant uplift forces at the bottom corner of the panel. You fix a strap to the panel.. and you can calculate the number of nails etc that are required here to resist this force. But the strap needs to be anchored at the other (bottom) end.. and rawl plugs and a few screws won't often cut the mustard by a very long way... to the extent that you have an unsafe structure. If you have SIPS (which are a fancy version of a traditional kit panel) then if you have a masonry outer leaf you are back to roughly traditional kit design. But if you don't have a masonry outer leaf to ballast (if you have a big set of bifolds this ballast is not there) this you have to find another solution to address the overturning of the SIPS panels. One way is if you have a steel frame that is designed to account for uplift... If you don't have a heavy outer leaf of masonry / other frame then you need to find something that is, or connect the straps to the foundation / your ICF raft for example. The other BIG problem is that you need to make it buildable, practical for a ground workers to set out, (difficult for concrete workers if you have steel projecting when they are concreting the slab.. if you want this you will pay a premium) if not they will often avoid your job like the plague or bung on a big sum. The point of this post is to highlight the following: @SuperJohnG " Tanners came back to me today but said its uo to the superstructure engineer. " To address this issue of the interface between the superstructure and the underbuilding requires a lot of thought and associated design cost, detailing and communication between the different designers. But the super structure Engineer can't do their job unless the foundation Engineer has made suitable provision for connection of the superstructure to the foundation.. it gets even more complex folks when you have basements with ICF, tanking, cold bridge mitigation etc In summary while it seems to be attractive to shop about and try and get the lowest price for each part of the design package it's actually very often false economy.. and be unsafe. Why not find someone that can do the lot, coordinate all of it, while making it buildable. I think some members of BH have chosen this route. I appreciate that ICF / SIPS and so on are a hot topics on BH but these developments require some complex detailing to make sure that the building is still safe while maintaining the insulation envelope. One could be cynical and suggest that it's not in the interests of the material supplies ect to point out the additional design coordination element (and associated fee plus contractor cost element) required to achieve a coordinated, buildable in cost terms, safe design. By way of encouragement. Structurally, sitting a house on thick insulation is not new. Cold store designers have been doing this for years, as have say the Canadians. But the devil is in the detailing to address cold bridging, tying a SIPS panel to the found / basement etc. In Super Johns case, if there is no heavy outer leaf of masonry there may be a solution where you can use the floating floor slab to provide the ballast, although this requires detailed analysis and maybe a change in thickness of the reinforcing and the depth of it within the slab. Another may be to design some thicker straps and connect them to the foundations with expanding anchors perhaps. If you encounter this type of problem then it may only require to be done locally. Much will depend on the panel layout, how the stability is achieved and the local panel uplift forces that occur due to the overturning effect.

Hello @834843 " "Hi folks, I'm in the process of buying a first floor flat in SW London. It's a Victorian end-of-terrace house, about 950 sq ft, and it needs complete renovation..." To all.. a few general points when thinking about altering flats. The top floor flat can be less problematic to convert from a structural point of view. Tenement flats or similar can be tricky, as are blocks of three storeys and more. Some blocks have a shop on the ground floor that has been opened up to form a more clear / open plan floor area. The first floor flat above a shop like this is the most difficult to tackle when you want to knock down a wall. What can happen is that when you knock down a wall you start to introduce point loads (from the beam you put in if required) and these can suddenly change the load distribution on say the shop beams below. Often for the attic (not high rise) you find the roof spans front to rear, this helps to hold the walls in place. But.. in some cases the internal walls in the top flat provide stability to say a gable wall at the end of the terrace. This can be more of an issue say in England etc cf Scotland where sarking boards are used. Sarking boards stiffen a roof at rafter level. In laymans terms this means (sarking used) that you turn the roof into a couple of big beams that can more easily transfer say wind load to where it is more esily dealt with. In terms of structural design it's important to consider how what you do will impact on the whole building, not just your flat. This means that you often want to see in the flat below, or if you have mid floor flat then you also want to see what is above. What you are looking for is the actual layout, alterations that have a completion certificate but also as importantly, alterations that have been carried out with no approvals... cowboys. Apart from the safety issue there is an old expression has some merit..last man (person) on the job gets the blame. If you are budgeting on the basis that you may turn a profit by making an alteration it may be worth paying / asking for some advice first. To keep the cost of this down one of the best ways is to put together a small info document. Often you can find estate agents floor general plans on line showing the properties above / below that have come on the market. Take some extra photos of the inside / outside of the building ( the bit the agent has not included) etc and put this all in a document...the more info the better. This can really help someone give you initial advice / pointers.. which is often free if they feel you have put effort into it. If you write to say an SE and say "how much for a loft conversion" you'll just get a genric response. @834843" In regards to the type of work, is an architect essential (vs. an architectural technologist vs. structural engineer)? The essential thing is to find someone that has experience. One key here is to appreciate that every job is different although all the flats may look the same as the next block. Much can be lost on the builder's labour charges if the structural connections are too complicated, or the insulation details and materials can't be bought off the shelf (you often need to pay premium for a small quantity), you can't physically get a beam up the stairs and into the attic and so on. I have found that many experienced Architects / Architectural Technologists have a sound understanding of the structural concepts and SE's reciprocate. There is much cross fertilisation between the professions. All the best with your new home.

Tony.. Was just giving you a gentle ribbing, but thanks. The first part of the doc is good reading but the latter may be a bit out of date. Yes the operatives are not wearing flared trousers but the physical properties of materials have not changed since 2007 (in so far as I'm aware) .. put that caveat in as I think this may appeal.

Not aiming to miss here TonyT! Anyway, in the spirit of BH a bit of banter does no harm and is fun. One good reference document I use is "Rising damp in walls - diagnosis and treatment" published by the BRE. I have a copy but can't post due to copy write etc. Current price seems like £15 quid. It's worth the money compared with a say "Domino's pizza".. of course if you are hungry then a Dominos wins. The guidance it pretty user friendly so you don't need to be an SE to understand it. Here is the link: https://www.brebookshop.com/details.jsp?id=287528 @Adsibob don't panic if your founds are sitting in water, it's quite common. @DeanAlan I think this £15 may help give you some confidence how to progress, marry that up with the comments on BH and the cost effective / practical solution may be there for you. If you think about it you will pay a Surveyor a good few quid, inform yourself and talk to them. They will then know that you know a little about it and will often put more effort into the report as they may well be more invested in your job, over and above what they normally do. It's a people thing.. funnily, folk like passing on knowledge as you often see on BH.

Hello @Visioner101 and any parents out there with kids applying for jobs? Interesting post, enjoyed looking at the photos. Here are a few of my own thoughts for anyone that is at uni and has the self build dream. We know that often the first step is to get a job after you leave uni.. most folk need to borrow money.. no job..often no lending unless it's Mum and Dad...? Visioner.. if you want to go into fund management say then you'll stand a better chance of getting the job you want if you can get a good handle on the mechanics of cost vs return - call that profit and loss. For all. If you are willing to spend a bit of time you could build quite a nice supporting document to support a cv that demonstrates that you have an understanding of the actual mechanics of property development / house self building financing on a small scale, small contracts, the pitfalls and so on. All though this may sound miles off track from high finance it can demonstrate to a prospective employer that this individual has potential as they are able to analyse a particular market, understand it and make rational decisions / recommendations. For all (parents) and including Visioner. BH is a fantastic resource and really, all the answers / info are here that could make a job application stand out, you just need to spend some time reading and learning. I make a living in the construction industry and would always welcome a cv supported by a document that demonstrates that a young candidate has gone the extra mile and is seriously interested in their chosen path. For any parent reading this, it does not have to be technically correct. What is does require is to demonstrate that some effort has been put into the document and to a small extent some logic and critical thinking has been applied. An employer that disregards such a supporting document is probably not worth working for anyway. All the best to Visioner and first time builders.

Hi Sean. @sean1933 "The frustration I have is that where the joists are built in they obviously go from bearing on a block, to bearing on the lintel (which is some 5mm thick + mortar bed = 10+mm)... thus meaning they are some 10mm out of level the joists next to them. Solutions I have considered: .." It's wise to look carefully (as you are doing) at the implications of making what appear to be small design changes. @mvincentd " No mention/discussion of 'load ratio' and no references to it in Catnic product details/specs, so I wonder if contractors ever give it consideration..." Yes some contractors do. This info can be a little harder to find as sometimes it is not presented in the load tables. However, in the Catnic brochure this info is presented at the end, under the heading "Technical Information" Here is a link to the Catnic downloads https://catnic.com/downloads Follow the lintel products selector for the pdf brochure and the load ratio info is round about page 64. @Gus Potter or "take advice from the brickie". Apologies as this is a bit of a sweeping statement, should have qualified it a bit at the time of writing. Yes it can be helpful to take on board advice from experienced brickies etc. But always check with the designer as they are best placed to assess the structural implications of any design changes in terms of say global building stability. If you are proposing to alter the support conditions of say floor joists always check as the floors are often used to provide lateral stability to the walls. Also, look carefully if you are using hangers / brackets /resin fixings as some are able to carry different amounts of axial load (tension / compression) in the joist as well the vertical loads. The tension / axial load arises when say for example the wind is sucking the walls out and you are relying on the hanger (other type of connection) to tie the wall back into the floor.

Hello all. A few thoughts. Before you start changing levels, methods of hanging joists, packing things etc it is really important to get a handle on the basics. Take a simple beam subject to vertical load. Often to perform it has to be kept vertical, not twist, or move sideways. We call this lateral and torsional restraint. Quite easily, if you muck up the restraints you can reduce the capacity of a beam / wall so much so that it will fail, sometimes even before the building is erected. I have seen this happen. Often a beam is designed where say floor joists are framing in above and provide this "lateral restraint". There are general rules that say for example that a mid floor joist can provide lateral restraint to a lintel or beam. But if you start to introduce packers and so on it raises some questions as you can introduce an extra slip plane, the assumed friction can be lost, thus the effective restraint is lost and this is not safe. I have quoted mvincentd.. it's a good photo. mv.. mentions a green roof.. which is heavy, hence probably the heavy twin engineered joists. Here you can see double joists framing in on the inner leaf of the lintel. The lintel is a cold formed steel lintel, say by "Catnic" or "Key Stone". For all. Please bear in mind the following: Catnic for example quote the capacity of their lintels base on a uniformly distributed load. That means that roughly the load is applied fairly evenly along the length of the lintel. Just as importantly they also specify what is called a load ratio. To allow the lintel to meet the stated capacity both the inner and outer flange loads have to fall within certain limits. In other words you can't put all the load on the inner flange and expect to get away with it as the lintel starts to twist too much. Having a cursory glance at the photo it seems that we have two double joists on the inner flange and very little load on the outer flange. All is not lost however if you want to go off piste and the load ratio is exceeded. You can contact the manufacture and ask them to check that what you propose is ok. The overall load may be less, while the load ratio may exceed the brochure limits they can check it will still be adequate. Please be aware of the consequences when changing the support details. Remember that the engineered joist manufacturer will often take no responsibility for anything other than their product.. be careful what you do. It's also worth thinking about how the lintel is supported at the ends. You can see from the photo that the double joists are more towards one side, thus the load at the right hand support will be more than the left. A consequence of this is that the lintel is subject to more of a shearing force at one end than the other. So again, it's worth checking this with the manufacturer. If you have an uneven load on the supports which the photo shows this is a flag for any checker. It's an aside, but you can see the wavy scratch marks on the block. Often folk think this is to provide a key for the plaster, but it also identifies the manufacturer of the block and the block strength. mv's photo is great. You can see the clear wavy marks, looks like there are four per block and the wave has a "defined shape". Thermalite/ Hanson have same photo and this looks like their High strength 7 block. So if you are doing a refurb garage conversion this info can be really helpfull when you maybe want to rest a beam / padstone on this kind of wall but don't know what strength it is. in summary please think carefully before you make what appear to be innocuous changes, or "take advice from the brickie". It only takes a few minutes to phone the Architect, SE or if you can't get hold of any of the former post here to get some possible pointers. Rest assured from their (SE etc) point of view having the Client calling them with the odd query is no problem as can often head off serious time consuming / problematic issues later.

Hello patp. It may be worth while doing a bit of research to try and understand what the causes are for the flow rate. This may help you get a handle on the possible capping costs. Once you have a bit more information then it may be that you are in a better position to persuade. In some ways your neighbour may reassured and engage. They are maybe just wary / defensive at the possible cost implication, hence the response you are getting. It may be that they are able to recoupe any cost from their insurer. While it may seem a bit late in the day you may be able to resolve this. If you are willing to spend a bit of time (it can also be fun), then you may reap some reward, if not then all you may lose is some time. For all. Very simplistically an artesian effect can occur when you are near say near the bottom of a hill. The rain falls on the hill, soaks into the ground and makes it's way down to the bottom where it often goes into a river / stream (burn). If the soil is pretty much all the same at some locations the water that has soaked in at the top will come to the surface lower down and can be seen as small springs during heavy rain. You often see this when you are out for a walk after heavy rain. However, what can happen is that say halfway down the hill there is maybe some glacial material (call it clay) which forms a waterproof layer over the underlying soil. Here the water that has fallen on the top of the hill gets trapped under this "clay layer" and as you go down the hill the pressure builds up as the water can't easily get to the surface. If you drill a hole in the ground as maybe in Patp's case being at the bottom of a slope and puncture the "waterproof" layer, then you can get this artesian effect. There are other ways this can happen where you have say rock. Generally " solid" rock (granite say) does not transmit water but the rock has fractures in it and it is the frequency and size of these fractures that can convey different amounts of water. This can also, but less common, can manifest as an artesian effect. Mostly it crops up when tunneling, and basements! Bearing the above principles in mind you could again separate this into two (I'll leave out rock strata - Chalk, limestones etc and concentrate on clay type soils) . Patp, Is it a case where you have a thin layer of clay and not much of a slope.. this would suggest lots of low pressure water but plenty flow or a thick layer of clay, more elevation, small puncture hole and lots of pressure? Much will also depend on the type of clay and you can find info on this too. If you have a fine clay then this can wash out more quickly and so on..don't despair just follow the logic. One way patp can get a handle on this is to draw in section the landscape (refer to OS map say) , just roughly. Then have a look here ,see link, below for a learning resource. http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain/home.html The above will give you a rough idea what the ground might be like and compare this with the OS map that shows the contours of the ground. Also, have a look on the council web site for info, COVID excepted your local BCO will be familiar with the ground, ask them. Have a look at the old historical maps that are available online. Even as a lay person you can build a picture of what may be likely going on under the ground. What you are doing is akin to a desktop study. Save all the info you gather as if you need to get an Enginneer in you may well find that you have done some of the leg work for them. It sounds like patp may have a situation where there is indeed some kind of clay, (really fractured, weathered, soft surface rock ?) acting as the sealing layer trapping the water. Over time the water flow will have eroded the "clay", the hole has got bigger as the soft fine material get progressively washed out, thus more water is coming out the ground as patp is observing. To cap this may well entail two different methods depending on what water pressure / flow rate you have, how much the original bore has open up by and so on. I'll stop here with the background info, but in summary with a bit of research on your own and while you may not be able to solve all of it you will much more informed when it comes to making the financial judgements and often, this will give you piece of mind that you are on the right track, maybe also save some money! Patp. This is a guess here but it looks more like a situation where the flow is increasing as you have some kind of soft material / lower water pressure (hydrostatic) that is being eroded rather than a high pressure with rock. If the former, it may be that you, as the other members have suggested may be able to just pump in some "bentonite" which is a kind of a heavy/ dense "sticky", "clay" type material to seal (gunge) it up.. Bentonite generally works as it is dense and does not go hard like concrete, which then shrinks. While you could try and pump in concrete all that may happen is that within a short time the water will find it's way round the concrete plug and you will be worse off as you have blocked up the hole with concrete and can't access the "leak" in the water proof layer" For all.. Just to finish. It may well be worth while this effort. You may be lucky and get your neighbour to engage and move on with no ill will. If not then you will have a much better grasp of the situation, be more familiar with the geotechnical terms and so on should you, after exhausting all other options, need to proceed down a more formal, route.

Hello Dean. Welcome to BH, it's a great resource. "Q2: current DPC is a badly compromised slate DPC (was checked by a damp specialist and visual inspection tells you all you need to know) and 600mm or so above ground level. I will need to bring the new DPM from under the new concrete slab up the walls to lap into the wall above or below a new chemical DPC? When they say 'lap in' does that mean a shallow horizontal trench (10mm?) cut into the masonry (or mortar) " Generally slate DPC's last a very long time. Yes, they may get the odd crack in them as an old house moves about but the odd crack in it's self will transmit very little moisture by way of capillary action if it is small, if large then then even less so if not bridged. You'll also often find that the DPC is roughly level with the floor and any solum vents. If you wish post some photos you get additional feedback. One thing worth considering is that if you are breaking up the concrete floor you can recycle this if you keep the lumps under say 75mm and mix this up with the fines. You'll often find you can whack this in and get it quite "tight" then top it off with a little MOT type one if need be and your blinding. Saves on disposal costs. Have a look on the net at what is called 6F2 / 6F5 recycled aggregate and compare this with what you might end up when you break out the floor.. If you are breaking the floor up by hand as opposed to getting a mini digger in with a pecker (maybe not so good for the old house) then you'll be surprised at how much good material you can recover... and save on skips etc.

Thanks Peter, learn something new every day. Here is a question. A while ago I was working with a traditional sparkie and he referred to this area (see below with the question mark) in an attic / loft truss as being the "campsile" not sure if I have the spelling right. I think this may be an expression local to Lanarkshire in Scotland. For example we call noggings " dwangs" in Scotland. What is it called in other parts of the UK?

Hello gc86. Sounds to me that you are taking a pragmatic approach, keeping the lines of communication clear, not falling out. Althought this may be the immediate concern don't forget to look after the kit on site. Make sure that all the panels are stacked and supported so they don't start to twist. Keep them off the ground with plenty ventilation underneath them. Double sheet the top on battens so the air can get all round the panels... over the top too. Get all nails, brackets hangers etc inside and keep them dry. Doing this may actually help the timber season more so you'll get less shrinkage later on.. every cloud has a silver lining.

Hello gc86. This can be frustrating to say the least. If you look at it from the Surveyors point of view. The kit is on site but who knows if it is the right size and so on. Believe it or not it happens! If you default on payment of your loan then the lender will try and recover and the surveyor is on the hook in terms of any extra value they attach to the unerected kit. During the recovery process (if default occurs) the kit could be exposed to the weather, the ancilliary parts.. brackets steel are easily thieved. That said, if you are say constructing a large industrial steel building a payment is often made when the steel frame is delivered to site or fabricated and in the fabricators yard. To enable this sometimes requires the SE or the person who has prepared the fabrication drawings to go to the yard and measure everything up to make sure that what has been fabricated matches the fabrication drawings... and that comes at a cost. On a small timber frame this is less practicable. If you can, the best way as you probably already know is to push on, get the kit up with a semi watertight membrane on the roof, board up the windows if need be. Now you are at the common milestone (valuation point) of wind and watertight.

Cracking photo, looks great, Russdl. The zinc can make for some great clean lines. Just teasing, but are the wheelie bins always in line too? With some roofs, especially renovations with say an irregular smaller slate (eg Ballachulish) or maybe a pan tile roof you can often get away with a few lumps and bumps. I think the zinc is less forgiving..? but it can be worth the extra effort in the right circumstances.

A well done zinc roof can look fantastic. One of the keys to achieving this it to design and prepare the substrate properly. Make sure you detail for condensation too! For example, sometimes you may have a gutter detail at the bottom with a lap. Study the manufacturer's installation details really carefully as you may need to use a slightly thinner "sarking board" here so as to avoid a bump in the zinc. Also, make sure you isolate the zinc from dissimilar metals that can cause significant corrosion of the zinc and quickly spoil the roof. You'll find a lot of this info in the manufacturer's literature. Follow this and you will have a roof that lasts, often beyond expectation.