SteamyTea

Yes, it is the radiative forcing of sunlight. Not unusual to be 1000W/m2, it can be like standing directly in front of a fan heater.

I had a girlfriend unexpectedly cough in my face when out for a romantic meal once.

Should/can it be calculated on the RMS value (root mean squared), or is simple terms, for 3 measurements, 0.71 of the sum of maximum flows (which may be the design flow rates). Just a mathematical solution, not a real life one.

Not as you mention later on, on indoor air quality.

It is an interesting point about windchill. Windchill is caused by evaporation, which is a phase change, and with water, a huge shift in energy levels, around 540 times different. If it was a problem, ASHP would not work a lot of the time. There may be marginal conditions where a 'triple point' temperature happens (ice, liquid and gas), but I doubt it as air pressure is probably too high. As for, as mentioned on another post, cold air recirculating back into the unit, without putting the unit into a well insulated, close fitting, airtight box, I don't think this is an issue. The amount of air a heat pump shifts is pretty minor compared to the amount of air surrounding it.

I think you are into a case "ask 100 engineers and you get 100 right answers". What you need to do, initially, is break it down into important parts i.e. structural forces, thermal properties, looks, easy of construction, price etc. Then analysis each part and how they go together. Some construction methods have developed over millennia and it is only in the last 250 years that post rationalisation has happened. An example of this is one of my favourite discussions about lime versus Portland Cements. They are both interesting and do their jobs well, but many think that the traditional lime mixes are better 'because the Romans used them' (even though the Egyptians beat them to it by a 1000 years at least). Another example is, as you have found out, is to do with cavities. These are a relatively late development and were originally just a rain screen over a solid structural wall. Trial and error, plus improvements in materials and manufacturing processes, the simple wall has changed to a two walls, tied together, with some being single load bearing, other both load bearing, and sometimes filled with insulation. The designs are used differently for different purposes, sometimes it is just decorative, other times it is structurally important. Another area you will soon find out about is the thermal performance, again, there are many different opinions. Some say that you need the insulation on the inside, other say on the outside, this is because while mathematically the U-Value of a wall is the same in both directions, the energy inputs may not be i.e. a heated house may be putting 5W.m-2 though a wall at night, but when hit by bright sunlight it may go to 100 W.m-2. Totally different regimes for the same structure. Then there is air and water tightness. Traditional masonry walls are inherently 'leaky', so putting insulation in a cavity may cause thermal bypass problems or the insulation type may absorb water. This is why internal insulation (on the room side of both cavities) can give a better performance than the same amount of insulation value within the cavity. The same may be true for external insulation, but could be harder to fit because of roof overhangs and window reveals, but is often easier to install because there are no joists or wires to move (this is more about retro fitting than new builds) So basically, it is hard say if there is a best system, it is a case of 'it depends'. All systems can work well if designed right, just as all systems can fail if executed badly (by twat builders). The main things to keep in mind are: Will it be strong enough Will it keep the weather out Will it look right Will it last Is it affordable (the space station is strong, thermally brilliant and air tight) Can it be repaired and modified That is enough to be going on with I think.

The problem with that is the high losses that a slab has, it is how they are designed to work after all. So to get around that some weather prediction is needed ideally.

You may be able to get away with less storage, and a smaller ASHP by playing more with the tariff prices. So rather than try and generate and store a full days worth of energy, look at the CoP and price differentials and see if you can get similar savings by say heating 500lt to 55⁰C during the cheap period, say 5 hours, the run for another 5 hours at a higher CoP, but lower temperature direct into your heating system, while also drawing from your higher temperature thermal store. The main thing is that most of the time you may only need a few kWh as the weather is warmer and the house will naturally heat up during daylight hours. It would be a shame to always have a large store topped up and then only use a few percent of the capacity.

I used to live in Penn, so know it well. I got a mate to text his plumber mate. His hourly rate is a lot less, but still quite a bit. What is really ridiculous is that there are a couple of people in here who have recently lost their jobs, I am well under employed, and there is a fantastic knowledge base on here. And at £80 an hour good money to be made.

These are usually a PU (polyurethane) base adhesive, so about as good as you can get for timber. My favourite is Lumberjack https://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/355101195139 Get a tube and try it out on something, you need a lot less then you think.

I forget what a trailblazer you where with your Kent build. Now you have to put up with stone age building practices.

The kitchen where I work is about 4 times the floor area of my house, every single thing is in the wrong place. You just have to work with what you are given. I limit my working area to a couple of m2. Off to spend a few hours there now to feed the poor and needy of Cornwall. Or is it the fat and greedy. At ten quid a sandwich, wealthy as well.

Have you thought of resilience bars as you are thinking of adding another layer of plasterboard? As @Iceverge says, density is not everything. Sound proofing is as much to do with creating destructive interference patters for the soundwaves to interact with themselves and increasing the linear path that the sound energy travels. The longer the path, the greater the reduction. It is an inverse square law, so for every doubling of distance you half the intensity.

LISA will do 3D modelling. And it is free.

WTF. When I moved to Aylesbury it was were us poor people moved to. I may well be up next week.

I doubt that it would be a serious problem. Ask the manufacturer, they may well do a deflector. You can work out the change in velocity by a vector diagram.

How times have changed.

I knew about your wife, sorry to hear about your Mother, and hope your Father is as well as he can be.

Explain please? It is a decentralised network that uses multiple layers of encryption and relays. Anyone can set up a relay, and a few larger institutions and individuals have exit relays that connect to the World Wide Web. https://www.torproject.org/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tor_(network) I mainly use it because I have a TOR file server that logs my outside temperatures and allows me remote access to my data, for free. It runs on a RPi Zero W and has been incredibly reliable. I keep intending to set up a webcam as see how it performs. There are a number of ways to use TOR, usually though a dedicated browser like TOR Browser, but I use Brave as a TOR Browser it is built into that. You can also set up a PC/Linux/Mac to encrypt and route all your traffic via the network with some simple software. I use OnionFruit. There are some odd limitations, it is sometimes detached as 'strange traffic' and you have to either switch it off or fill in a CAPTUR.

I am getting 7.5 Mb But I am running it though the TOR networks

I have had the same problems with most sites today, even my Google news feed has been slow.

Who knows.

The ONS has some numbers on heating types. Here is a quick analysis for England. Type of central heating in household (13 categories) Number No central heating 367119 Mains gas only 18298730 Tank or bottled gas only 260108 Electric only 2113123 Oil only 865944 Wood only 35720 Solid fuel only 49469 Renewable energy only 98729 District or communal heat networks only 220893 Other central heating only 225399 Two or more types of central heating (not including renewable energy) 2113324 Two or more types of central heating (including renewable energy) 134659

Really. There are many on here who can write to them and tell them what the units are. Will look something like this: Kw/h/kj(lb.oC)