SteamyTea

£4999.99. A Dutch Auction is an effective way to find out how much cash people have to spend

Good luck getting a reliable flat roof made in England.

I suspect a threshold and parasitic loads.

Is Aircon. Think it is the amount of energy to cool a ton of water 1⁰f.

In the US of A, they measure houses in feet, but oddly don't use fluid oz for volume, they stick to cubic feet per minute. As an aside, when I listen to energy traders/experts on the radio talking about 'the energy crisis', they keep talking about the price of a therm pf gas. And the government uses barrel of oil equivalent in reports. And how often do we hear someone say they use a lot of energy, then say it is "£300 a month". SI and the derived units are so easy to understand.

One problem with drilling into brick or block walls is that you don't know where the joints are, and sod's law means you half hit a brick and a strip of mortar. Another good reason to not build with those outdated materials that the English are so fond of. An old American friend of mine who worked for many years in Architect's offices told me that she had never heard the saying 'as safe as bricks and mortar'.

Yes, but as I said, it is good practice.

Make sure the door is weather tight, you only need to insulate the walls that connect to the house, and you can add extra insulation to the shed ceiling. That just leaves the problem there for the next owner, who may not bother to sort it.

You have to use it to very day. Even then it is easy to make errors.

Or metres even.

I have never understood why, we have SI units to make life simple.

Easy error to make, I usual reduce to a reciprocal and then multiply at the end. Then forget.

Yes, it is just good practice. Wear, between dissimilar materials is proportionate to their hardness difference ratio at low speeds. So if the the knife has a hardness of 10 and the timber is 2, the knife will wear at 1/5 the rate of the timber.

π x r2 = area of pipe 3.1416 [π] x 0.052 [m] = 0.007854 [m²] Flow rate x area = volume per unit time. 0.8 [m/s] X 0.007854 [m²] = 0.0062832 [m³/s] 3600 seconds in an hour. 0.0062832 [m³/s] x 3600 = 22.61952 m³/h For bonus marks Approximate density of air 1.25 kg/m³ 22.61952 [m³/h] x 1.25 [kg/m³] = 28.2744 kg/h. Specific heat capacity of dry air approximately 1 kJ/kg.K So to heat (or cool) 28.3 kg by 1K will take. 28.3 [kg] x 1 [kJ/kg.K] x 1 [K] = 28.3 kJ To convert to kWh, multiply by 0.00027778 (1 / 3600 [s]) 28.3 [kg] x 0.00027778 = 0.007861111111 kWh. As this relates to the flow rate per hour, dividing by 1 hour will give the power, in kW, multiply by 1000 will convert it to watts. 0.007861111111 [kWh] x 1000 = 7.9 W. I think, please check.

Knifes should be sharp edge upwards to stop them blunting.

Can the application show mean import and mean export over a set time period i.e. hours, days, weeks, months, years?

That and TVs.

It is safer to be pessimistic as if you are over optimistic then you have to invent Hopeium. I would have thought that these 'old men' would be the ones to drive the transition. They have the resources, the experience and they like to make a profit. I think the real problem is the general public, they just don't believe that renewable energy is cheaper and does not take up all the farm land.

It is to connect up Hinkley Point. They will probably have to take them down again.

As was established in another thread, they have not been saying that. They want to stop new licences being granted. That is something very different. There is 1628.2 kWh of energy in a barrel of oil, todays price is $90 for Brent Crude (what you want for making gasoline). That is £75. So 4.6p/kWh before transport, storage and refining (and possibly extraction). So once in your fuel tank, a similar price to what I calculated for PV/Storage.

Well if you take the average household gas usage of 15 MWh and divide it by three, then multiply it by 30 million, you get an extra demand of 150,000 GWh. If we say that an average car does 12,000 miles a year, and does 3 miles to the kWh, then with around 30 million cars on the road, 120,000 GWh. So an extra 270,000 GWh a year. Now the car mileage is probably evenly distributed, so 10,000 GWh/month. Heating is probably similar to our current electricity demands, so 55% of it spread over 7 months. So a monthly mean of around 12,000 GWh/month, but varying between 8,000 and 15,000 GWh per month. So at worse, somewhere around 25,000 GWh extra. Divide that by the 31 day sin December (probably the worse month on average) then that is 810 GWh/a day. Daily usage is currently around 804 GWh/day. So we need to double the land area and the costs. Still very achievable (if my sums are right).

I think you get about a 2 MWp of solar on a hectare. But let us say we can only use a quarter of it for PV effectively i.e. large enough grid connections, access, lease conditions etc. So 0.5 MWp. 120,000 x 0.5 = 60,000 or 60 GWp which is almost as large as the total capacity of the UKs generation. Picking Leicester, as it is about halfway up England, and punching in an optimally angled, 1 MWp installation into PVGIS, it shows a December output of 37 MWh, or about 11 MWh/day. Multiply that by 6,000 to match the potential resource, that could supply 66 GWh/day. A quick look at December 2020 Grid Watch demand figures shows a mean power of 33.5 GW. The peak is 47.3 GW. I would think, before land rental and connection charges, a PV farm would cost about £500,000/MWp. So 60 GWp would cost £3bn (about a sixth of what has been spent on Hinckley Point so far). OK, so storage is needed, and a lot of it, as in December all the generation is done in 9 hours, leaving 15 hours of darkness. Looking at Grid Watch again, the mean darkness demand is 31 GW, with a peak of 42 GW. So the storage would have to be in the region of 500 GWh. If a car has 50 kWh of battery storage, a million of them will have 50 GWh. I think Tesla has already made over 2 million Model 3s, so 1 company has already used, in just one of their model range, 100 GWh of batteries (the Model 3 has a battery between 57.5 and 82 kWh, but you get my point). So battery manufacture is not really an issue in this one off case, and anyway, it would be installed in phases, so spread over a few years to match the PV installation. Now I really do not have any idea what that battery storage would cost, but the unit that Tesla fitted in South Australia cost about A$90m for 150 MWh, so a quick convert to English and that is £320,000/MWh. So 500 GWh would cost around £160bn. About the same as 8 to 10 new nuclear reactors. So the total cost, to run the UK purely from PV and storage is less than £200bn (I have added a bit to cover land rental and running costs, though there should be a 'British Management' premium) . How much as been spent on HS2, £98bn so far? December 2020 electrical usage was 24,888 GWh. If we divide £200bn by 25,000 GWh, that is £8/kWh. But that would be putting all the investment onto just 1 month. A quick look at Grid Watch again and I have calculated that December 2020 used 10% of the annual electrical production (May was the lowest at 6.8%). So that means we could calculate the electricity price at 80p/kWh, if we put all the costs into 1 year. Well that would be a bit silly, so if we amortised it at 7.5 years, then the generation, storage, and probably delivery price (as I added a few million on for that), would be 11p/kWh. About a third of what we currently pay, but that is a wholesale price, so maybe a few changes in the electricity market are needed (not as if we can't do that quickly, we did last year). Back to the land area, I used a quarter of the 120,000 hectares, so 30,000 hectares. England has a total land area of 130,310 km2 or 13,031,000 Ha. 30,000 / 13,031,000 x 100 = 0.23% I think that is known, in general terms, as (expletive deleted) all. (now I have been mixing kWh, MWh, GWh, km2, hectares, pennies, £, £bn etc, so may have made an error, if I have let us find it and put it right so we can use a definitive answer to this question). Oh, and @ProDave, I have used just England land areas, but the electrical demand includes all the colonies you are in.

We have plenty of roof tops, many which are suitable. We also have plenty of daylight, higher temperature and direct sunlight are not needed. Wind we have an excess of. It really is just down to planning. What is so ridiculous is that it is going to happen sometime. I would rather it happened now so I get the benefits, not some future generations of other peoples offspring (who would be benefitted anyway by today's actions).

They should have their supply limited to match the percentage of renewables being generated. So if we have 70% RE going into the grid, they get 24 [h] * 0.3 = 7.2 hours or limit their supply by a limited amount i.e. 80 [A] * 0.3 = 24 Amps.

It is a big industry, a lot of 'things' need bleaching. I wonder how my hydrogen is produced.