SteamyTea

I seem to remember that he ignored all solar gain, which would account for the differences.

That analysis has been done to death and windturbines are still lower emissions that biomass. There is often some dispute/debate about what needs to be measured/included but as a general rule wind power is around 5 g CO2eq/kWh. If you could extract all the energy from burning timber, which you can't, it would be in the region of 500 g CO2eq/kWh. That is just chemistry. There was a lot of political interference two decades ago when governments started to think of ways that they could reduce CO2eq emissions from the power and transport sectors. The USA and Canada, along with Brazil and Northern Europe declared that emissions from timber/biomass combustion were carbon neutral, there was very little analysis of the processes used in converting land to fuel. There was also an assumption that all timber used would be natural waste from the lumber industries and no new land would be used. At the time this was understandable (for a government minister) as the alternatives i.e. tidal, hydro, nuclear, wind and PV were expensive or had long lead times. There was also pressure from the oil companies and churches, with some people proving that higher atmospheric CO2 was a good thing as it was plant fertiliser. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r3K9HG6BfaA I did work out, well confirm, something that Prof Brian Cox said about biomass. If at today's current energy usage, and we burnt all biomass on the planet, that includes the ocean's biomass and all living animals, including us, we can produce enough energy to last 400 days. If that is not enough reason to stop burning, I don't know what is.

Yesterday, in London, the sun got to 48.01° above the horizon. June 21 it will be at 61.93°, December 21 15.06°. You may find that the height of summer is not so bad.

Friend of mine's Father used to do that, I seem to remember that he worked on Holby City. I commented that both of us had met Patsy Kensit and Ade Edmondson.

Depends what you are measuring. If it is output by land area, then wind and solar are way ahead of biomass. Biomass converts, in the UK, about 0.15% of the solar energy into a combustion material, which then has to be processed. PV easily converts 10%. Medium scale onshore wind about half that. So not only is biomass a highly polluting form of energy, it makes very bad usage of land and the lead times are close to that of nuclear power i.e. 30 years.

Yes, it is the radiative forcing of sunlight. Not unusual to be 1000W/m2, it can be like standing directly in front of a fan heater.

I had a girlfriend unexpectedly cough in my face when out for a romantic meal once.

Should/can it be calculated on the RMS value (root mean squared), or is simple terms, for 3 measurements, 0.71 of the sum of maximum flows (which may be the design flow rates). Just a mathematical solution, not a real life one.

Not as you mention later on, on indoor air quality.

It is an interesting point about windchill. Windchill is caused by evaporation, which is a phase change, and with water, a huge shift in energy levels, around 540 times different. If it was a problem, ASHP would not work a lot of the time. There may be marginal conditions where a 'triple point' temperature happens (ice, liquid and gas), but I doubt it as air pressure is probably too high. As for, as mentioned on another post, cold air recirculating back into the unit, without putting the unit into a well insulated, close fitting, airtight box, I don't think this is an issue. The amount of air a heat pump shifts is pretty minor compared to the amount of air surrounding it.

I think you are into a case "ask 100 engineers and you get 100 right answers". What you need to do, initially, is break it down into important parts i.e. structural forces, thermal properties, looks, easy of construction, price etc. Then analysis each part and how they go together. Some construction methods have developed over millennia and it is only in the last 250 years that post rationalisation has happened. An example of this is one of my favourite discussions about lime versus Portland Cements. They are both interesting and do their jobs well, but many think that the traditional lime mixes are better 'because the Romans used them' (even though the Egyptians beat them to it by a 1000 years at least). Another example is, as you have found out, is to do with cavities. These are a relatively late development and were originally just a rain screen over a solid structural wall. Trial and error, plus improvements in materials and manufacturing processes, the simple wall has changed to a two walls, tied together, with some being single load bearing, other both load bearing, and sometimes filled with insulation. The designs are used differently for different purposes, sometimes it is just decorative, other times it is structurally important. Another area you will soon find out about is the thermal performance, again, there are many different opinions. Some say that you need the insulation on the inside, other say on the outside, this is because while mathematically the U-Value of a wall is the same in both directions, the energy inputs may not be i.e. a heated house may be putting 5W.m-2 though a wall at night, but when hit by bright sunlight it may go to 100 W.m-2. Totally different regimes for the same structure. Then there is air and water tightness. Traditional masonry walls are inherently 'leaky', so putting insulation in a cavity may cause thermal bypass problems or the insulation type may absorb water. This is why internal insulation (on the room side of both cavities) can give a better performance than the same amount of insulation value within the cavity. The same may be true for external insulation, but could be harder to fit because of roof overhangs and window reveals, but is often easier to install because there are no joists or wires to move (this is more about retro fitting than new builds) So basically, it is hard say if there is a best system, it is a case of 'it depends'. All systems can work well if designed right, just as all systems can fail if executed badly (by twat builders). The main things to keep in mind are: Will it be strong enough Will it keep the weather out Will it look right Will it last Is it affordable (the space station is strong, thermally brilliant and air tight) Can it be repaired and modified That is enough to be going on with I think.

The problem with that is the high losses that a slab has, it is how they are designed to work after all. So to get around that some weather prediction is needed ideally.

You may be able to get away with less storage, and a smaller ASHP by playing more with the tariff prices. So rather than try and generate and store a full days worth of energy, look at the CoP and price differentials and see if you can get similar savings by say heating 500lt to 55⁰C during the cheap period, say 5 hours, the run for another 5 hours at a higher CoP, but lower temperature direct into your heating system, while also drawing from your higher temperature thermal store. The main thing is that most of the time you may only need a few kWh as the weather is warmer and the house will naturally heat up during daylight hours. It would be a shame to always have a large store topped up and then only use a few percent of the capacity.

I used to live in Penn, so know it well. I got a mate to text his plumber mate. His hourly rate is a lot less, but still quite a bit. What is really ridiculous is that there are a couple of people in here who have recently lost their jobs, I am well under employed, and there is a fantastic knowledge base on here. And at £80 an hour good money to be made.

These are usually a PU (polyurethane) base adhesive, so about as good as you can get for timber. My favourite is Lumberjack https://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/355101195139 Get a tube and try it out on something, you need a lot less then you think.

I forget what a trailblazer you where with your Kent build. Now you have to put up with stone age building practices.

The kitchen where I work is about 4 times the floor area of my house, every single thing is in the wrong place. You just have to work with what you are given. I limit my working area to a couple of m2. Off to spend a few hours there now to feed the poor and needy of Cornwall. Or is it the fat and greedy. At ten quid a sandwich, wealthy as well.

Have you thought of resilience bars as you are thinking of adding another layer of plasterboard? As @Iceverge says, density is not everything. Sound proofing is as much to do with creating destructive interference patters for the soundwaves to interact with themselves and increasing the linear path that the sound energy travels. The longer the path, the greater the reduction. It is an inverse square law, so for every doubling of distance you half the intensity.

LISA will do 3D modelling. And it is free.

WTF. When I moved to Aylesbury it was were us poor people moved to. I may well be up next week.

I doubt that it would be a serious problem. Ask the manufacturer, they may well do a deflector. You can work out the change in velocity by a vector diagram.

How times have changed.

I knew about your wife, sorry to hear about your Mother, and hope your Father is as well as he can be.

Explain please? It is a decentralised network that uses multiple layers of encryption and relays. Anyone can set up a relay, and a few larger institutions and individuals have exit relays that connect to the World Wide Web. https://www.torproject.org/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tor_(network) I mainly use it because I have a TOR file server that logs my outside temperatures and allows me remote access to my data, for free. It runs on a RPi Zero W and has been incredibly reliable. I keep intending to set up a webcam as see how it performs. There are a number of ways to use TOR, usually though a dedicated browser like TOR Browser, but I use Brave as a TOR Browser it is built into that. You can also set up a PC/Linux/Mac to encrypt and route all your traffic via the network with some simple software. I use OnionFruit. There are some odd limitations, it is sometimes detached as 'strange traffic' and you have to either switch it off or fill in a CAPTUR.