SteamyTea

I have the small orange evolution. I think it was @Onoff who recommended it years ago. Works very well when I make my picture frames (tend to knock out 100 at a time.

That is why you can put limits on differential equations. You can also use the same calculus on price, energy usage, usable area etc. But as @JohnMo says, the ground and associated groundworks is the big one. A house can be designed so that it can be extended upwards at a later date, but not many people want to pay for the extra structural work at the beginning.

Is the ASHP part of the MCS scheme? If so, then contact the governing body. But as @nod says, terminate with them.

1st year engineering mathematics.

This is a classic mathematics problem. One of the most practical uses of differentiation is finding the maximum or minimum value of a real-world function. In the following example, you calculate the maximum volume of a box that has no top and that is to be manufactured from a 30-inch-by-30-inch piece of cardboard by cutting and folding it as shown in the figure. What dimensions produce a box that has the maximum volume? Mathematics often seems abstract and impractical, but here’s an honest-to-goodness practical problem. If a manufacturer can sell bigger boxes for more money, and he or she is making a million boxes, you better believe he or she will want the exact answer to this question: Express the thing you want maximized, the volume, as a function of the unknown, the height of the box (which is the same as the length of the cut). Determine the domain of your function. The height can’t be negative or greater than 15 inches (the cardboard is only 30 inches wide, so half of that is the maximum height). Thus, sensible values for h are 0 ≤ h ≤ 15. Find the critical numbers of V(h) in the open interval (0, 15) by setting its derivative equal to zero and solving. And don’t forget to check for numbers where the derivative is undefined. Because 15 isn't in the open interval (0, 15), it doesn’t qualify as a critical number. And because this derivative is defined for all input values, there are no additional critical numbers. So, 5 is the only critical number. Evaluate the function at the critical number, 5, and at the endpoints of the interval, 0 and 15, to locate the function’s max. The extremum (dig that fancy word for maximum or minimum) you’re looking for doesn’t often occur at an endpoint, but it can — so don’t fail to evaluate the function at the interval’s two endpoints. You’ve got your answer: a height of 5 inches produces the box with maximum volume (2000 cubic inches). Because the length and width equal 30 – 2h, a height of 5 inches gives a length and width of 30 – 2 · 5, or 20 inches. Thus, the dimensions of the desired box are 5 inches by 20 inches by 20 inches.

Welcome Annas As a general rule, existing floors do not have enough insulation to take full advantage of UFH, it is the insulation that needs the depth. Have a look around in the specific section on here, there is a lot of information. Using a Google site search is better that the forum's search.

Cream on the bottom.

Welcome Ah, Devon, just a place to drive though to get home.

Welcome Interesting time to develop.

Generally PV modules cannot overhang a roof, they usually have to be set back 200mm from an edge. Check your house insurance, sometimes it covers legal disputes with neighbours.

Take it steady. I slipped my disk in 1991, still gives me trouble.

As you have an uninsulated roof, why not create a large solar thermal collector from it. Really just a case of a gap below it, then some insulation. Blow air though the gap when the sun is shining. If you want to get really cleaver, then pipe some of the warmed air though a tub of stone chippings to store the energy for later.

I doubt it, but for every import from a lower carbon intensity country, the better. That shows how hard it is. They would have been better off buying a 4 MW windturbine.

It is about time we stopped saying that other countries are not doing enough. EEA Trends and Projections: EU greenhouse gas emissions see significant drop in 2023 Press releasePublished 31 Oct 2024 Total net greenhouse gas emissions in the European Union dropped by 8% last year, marking significant progress towards climate neutrality for the EU. The huge drop was led by a significant decline in coal use and growth of renewable energy sources and supported by reduced energy consumption across Europe, according to estimated figures included in the latest European Environment Agency (EEA) ‘Trends and Projections’ report published today. The annual EEA check-up on EU progress on its energy and climate targets stresses that EU Member States will need to sustain this rate of progress to achieve Europe’s climate and energy targets. In 2023, EU total net greenhouse gas emissions decreased to 37% below 1990 levels according to preliminary figures in the EEA Trends and Projections report. After two years of slower progress against the backdrop of recovery from the COVID crisis and impact of the energy crisis, the EU is resuming its strong downward trajectory in emissions, moving towards climate neutrality. At the same time, sustained progress will be needed towards 2030 and beyond, the report says. The EU Climate Law sets ambitious targets for greenhouse gas emission reductions - a net 55% reduction below 1990 levels by 2030 and climate neutrality by 2050, to deliver European commitments under the international Paris Agreement. This target includes net removals from the so-called land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) sector as well as emissions from international aviation and maritime transport activities regulated under EU law. The European Commission has also recommended a 90% net reduction target for 2040. Trends and projections in Europe 2024 Based on reported existing climate measures alone, Member State projections forecast a reduction in net emissions by 2030 to a level 43% below 1990 levels. However, 22 Member States have submitted additional projections that include planned but not yet launched measures. Together, these would reduce net emissions in the EU by 49% below 1990 levels in 2030, in the target scope of the EU Climate Law. Updates to national energy and climate plans — where several Member States have yet to submit their revised plans — offer an opportunity to implement additional measures to bridge the gap towards the target. An initial European Commission estimate of the plans submitted so far confirm an increased collective ambition level and a reduction of the gap. Leena Ylä-Mononen EEA Executive Director As our recent European climate risk assessment revealed, the impact of climate change is accelerating. This leaves us no choice but to strengthen our resilience to climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This year's Trends and Projections Report calls for comprehensive action across all sectors to achieve our shared goal of balancing greenhouse gas emissions and carbon removals within the next two and a half decades. Renewables take bigger role The accelerating decarbonisation of the European economy has only been possible due to the rapid expansion of renewable energy, paired with the reduced use of fossil fuels. According to EEA estimates, the share of renewable energy has grown from 10% in 2005 to an estimated 24% of the EU’s gross final energy consumption by 2023. Further, the EU has managed to continue reducing its energy consumption: primary energy use has fallen by 19% since 2005, while final energy consumption saw a 11% reduction during the same timeframe, according to early estimates for 2023. Huge emission reductions in energy sector Europe’s emission reductions vary across its economic sectors. In the energy supply sector, emissions have halved compared to 2005 levels. The industrial sector has also seen significant reductions of more than a third over the last two decades thanks to process improvements and efficiency gains. These two sectors make up the bulk of Europe’s current cap-and-trade system — the Emissions Trading System (ETS), and their cumulative reductions brings the 2030 emissions reduction target for ETS within reach. However, the situation is different for the sectors covered by the Effort Sharing Regulation (ESR) which has national reduction targets. These mainly include emissions from buildings, transport, waste and agriculture. While the buildings sector has achieved an important reduction in emissions — with a drop of over 30% since 2005 — the transport and agriculture sectors have shown slower progress. This indicates the need for a shift to sustainable transport modes, and to implement further measures to unlock the emission reduction and carbon removal potential of the agriculture sector. Beyond 2030 The EEA report stresses that maintaining momentum towards climate neutrality will require clear and predictable policies beyond 2030 — not least, an agreement on the recommended a net 90% reduction target for 2040 and an assurance of sufficient investment for the net-zero emission economy of the future. For 2040 and 2050, existing projections reveal a widening gap between the aggregated national expected emissions and the EU targets. They also indicate the importance of the continued development of new, extended and expanded policies and measures to ensure emissions reductions and carbon removals can deliver climate neutrality in only two and a half decades. About the report The EEA’s Trends and Projections in Europe report explores historical trends, recent progress and projected future progress on climate mitigation through reduced greenhouse gas emissions, renewable energy gains and improved energy efficiency. It builds on data reported by the EU-27 Member States, five EEA member countries and nine Contracting Parties of the Energy Community. With this package, the EEA supports the European Commission’s assessment of progress toward meeting the EU’s climate and energy targets. In its upcoming Climate Action Progress Report, the Commission will use recently submitted National Energy and Climate Plans from Member States as an additional information source.

I doubt that, they may have some kind of heat recovery on the exhaust, but that is what condensing boilers are doing already. I keep meaning to measure the heat load at work, must have a word with the site manager. Would be interesting as we use resistance heating, and even when I go in early, it is never very cold.

Get a copy of SPON's. If you get a PDF version feel free to share it on here. https://www.routledge.com/spon-press

See @saveasteading nipped in before I posted.

Definitely A2AHPs for the offices. Generally warehouses don't need much heating, their form factor works in their favour. Much will depend on how the area is used. There is a difference in constant temperature or intermittent temperature when it comes to system design. @saveasteading has some experience of refrigerated storage, same physics applies to warming a place. PV is worth fitting as you can sell excess generation i.e. weekends. The main thing to check first is how much power your DNO will allow you to connect up, they may also have something to say about very large heat pumps starting up (rightly or wrongly). Check that first. Forget biomass.

I just got half a dozen Trick or Treaters in one. Just about to top is up with soil.

Interesting about the plant room size. Always worth baring in mind that 'things' in it may need to be replaced, or stuff added. As for window size, how often have I said that people put too much glazing in.

Welcome. It is all saints day tomorrow.

A bad builder is called a builder.

Saved a few quid already.

I hope you have your CIL exemption in place (if it is needed in your area).

Worth reading though Part F. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/61deba42d3bf7f054fcc243d/ADF1.pdf It is not hard, just tedious, like most regulations.