Where are you getting these temperatures from? Models? Real world data?
Bear in mind that to achieve the same U-values as the sorts of foam insulation typically used with concrete, you'll have a significant thickness of cellulose, and cellulose is an insulator (i.e., it resists movement of heat). You therefore can't just assume that the same internal heat gains will result in cellulose reaching 30° while concrete will only increase to 23°.
On a warm/sunny day, you'll also have heat traversing the insulation from the outside. Assuming the use of low heat capacity foam insulation with the concrete, heat will traverse the insulation much faster than a high capacity insulation like cellulose. That's because the energy added to the outside of the insulation needs to raise the insulation temperature to cause the energy to move through the insulation, and you need more energy to raise the temperature of a given volume of cellulose than the same volume of foam insulation.
Also, because the cellulose is thicker (necessary to achieve the same U-value), heat will take even longer to traverse it than the foam.
Why do you believe that concrete returns heat to a room overnight, but the cellulose somehow immediately drops from 30° to less than room temperature such that the house needs additional heating?
For what it's worth, I live in a cellulose-insulated house and it doesn't behave anything like how you describe. It's generally pretty resistant to temperature change, much like how high "thermal mass" buildings are said to perform. It tends to take a long time to get warm, for example, but once it does, it retains the heat for a long time. This can actually be a bit of a disadvantage, because after a string of hot days, even aggressive night-time purging doesn't always cool the building fabric enough to overcome daytime gains.
Dense-pack cellulose tends to resist air movement. We achieved under 0.6 ACH (i.e., the Passivhaus requirement) with no special attention to airtightness other than a good basic design and paying some attention during construction.
Why do you think cellulose houses aren't soundproof? Our house is as soundproof as any other house I've been in, and others on here have remarked on how quiet cellulose-insulated houses can be.
Solid feel is something I agree with. I would prefer that concrete or masonry solidity, but it isn't a big deal.
I should add that if I were building again, I would certainly consider some sort of ICF construction. My main point is that you seem to be making a lot of assumptions that don't bear out my experience.