SteamyTea

Nor had I, until recently. The timer is built in, but you will need to find the right button presses to get to the billing menu. They did an update on mine and the menu changed.

Shall we wait until we have Hinkley Point C working, and Flamanville Unit C. Olkiluoto is up and running after 18 years.

There are many reasons that urban areas are warmer than surrounding areas. If climate change was solved with single change i.e. 1 technology, or 1 change in behaviour, it would not be a problem. Here is one article that highlights, i think quite nicely, how interactions can be confusing. Hopefully more research like this will kill the bonkers idea of geoengineering the atmosphere. Many people still think that CO2 makes plants grow more, regardless of the temperature they are growing at. Hopefully the second article will help clear this up. Plants are more productive on weekends thanks to cleaner air Satellite data from Europe shows that rates of photosynthesis are higher when aerosol levels in the atmosphere are lower, and there is a regular weekly cycle By Chen Ly 20 November 2023 Aerosol pollution from road vehicles can restrict plants’ capacity for photosynthesis Aleksei Gorodenkov / Alamy Plants in Europe photosynthesise more at the weekend, probably because there is less pollution in the air. Photosynthesis is the chemical reaction that plants use to capture energy from the sun and convert carbon dioxide and water into sugar. With increasing air pollution from wildfires, dust and human activities, Liyin He at the Carnegie Institution for Science in California and her colleagues wanted to see what effect air quality has on photosynthesis. The team analysed satellite measurements of how much light is emitted by the green pigment chlorophyll in the leaves of plants – which corresponds to how much photosynthesis is occurring – across Europe between 2018 and 2021. By comparing this with satellite measurements of air pollution over the same period, the team found that photosynthesis rates increased when there were lower levels of aerosols, a type of pollution that includes dust as well as smoke from wildfires and human activity. These aerosols can stop sunlight from reaching Earth’s surface, which can hamper plants’ photosynthesising capacity. On the other hand, when there is less aerosol pollution in the atmosphere, more sunshine can reach the leaves of plants, says He. The team found that higher rates of photosynthesis occurred at weekends in 64 per cent of Europe. “There’s less traffic and industrial activities on the weekend,” says He. “But during the weekdays, the air is dirtier, so we see a strong weekly cycle.” Furthermore, the team found that aerosol pollution reduced significantly in 2020 compared with other years due to the covid-19 pandemic. As a result, plants were more productive all week long, not just at the weekend. Plants find it harder to absorb carbon dioxide amid global warming A modelling study suggests that increases in photosynthesis have slowed since 2000, opposing previous research that said this effect would remain strong, helping to absorb CO2 from the atmosphere By Jason Arunn Murugesu 10 August 2023 Photosynthesis involves plants using the energy from sunlight to produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water Image navi/QxQ images/Alamy Global warming drying the air may have slowed a rising rate of photosynthesis around the world. With this plant process involving the uptake of carbon dioxide, some researchers hoped that a boost to photosynthesis rates would help to remove the greenhouse gas from the atmosphere, but the latest study suggests this effect has faltered since 2000. Photosynthesis is the chemical reaction that plants use to convert CO2 and water into carbohydrates. Scientists generally think that a rise in CO2 emissions has been leading to more and more photosynthesis, but Jingfeng Xiao at the University of New Hampshire says that few studies have actually looked into this on a global scale. To learn more, Xiao and his colleagues analysed ground measurements taken between 1982 and 2016 from sensors scattered around the world that measure fluctuations in CO2 and water vapour in various environments, such as forests and savannahs. They then used satellite images to estimate plant growth in different locations. Using machine learning, the team combined these datasets to broaden the fluctuation measurements to a global scale. The models suggest that, on average, increases in global photosynthesis levels have slowed since 2000, despite the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere continuing to rise. This is probably due to the rise in the so-called vapour pressure deficit offsetting some of the increase in CO2, says Xiao. This deficit is a measurement of how dry air is. The higher the deficit, the more water evaporates off plants’ leaves, in a process called transpiration. A higher rate of transpiration generally supports plant growth, as they suck up water to replace what they lost, resulting in their cells receiving more water and the nutrients it contains, says Xiao.

I have a cheap, corded, Parkside multitool. I am impressed with it. But like old @joe90, I buy based on usage and 'if I cannot afford the best, I buy the cheapest'. DIY usage is generally very low, some of my power tools have not been used for years.

They have a communication module. The one fitted to my new meter back in July failed within 24 hours. Took them several months to replace it. They initially claimed it was an area wide problem, but that was just trying to fob me off. EDF also, for reasons unknown, tried to change my tariff and billing method, several times. Then failed to send me a bill for several months. A smart meter failure I can cope with, the hopeless way it was dealt with I cannot.

Isn't that what the RHI tried to do a decade ago? Then we had the Green Investment Group (The Green Bank) offering subsidies loans to industry. The simplest and easiest solution is to directly tax carbon dioxide at a high rate. The argument that 'people cannot afford it' does not hold true. In the last year we have seen the price of energy double, most households and companies are managing to pay it (not nice and there are always people that can't afford it), but it shows that the nation can stand a higher price.

So urban heat islands are a myth then. Also, the reflected energy is at a lower frequency and that interacts with the CO2 in the atmosphere causing heating. I suspect that model was either wrong or trying to promote something else. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albedo

Or gravitational. I don't think that is right.

A pressure tester is only a relatively small fan stuck in a doorway or window. Someone on here made there own recently, I think it may have been @Sparrowhawk

Make/borrow a pressure tester. PV only needs light, not direct sunlight.

Here is an idea, all be an old one. The use if heat pumps could make it more viable. Biggest problem I see, apart from environmental risks, is distribution. It would probably be cheaper to distribute the electricity than start a new underground infrastructure project. Abandoned coal mines could store wind energy Surplus wind power can be used to heat up water in flooded mines – a test of the idea is being planned in Scotland in 2024 By James Dinneen 23 November 2023 The Barony Colliery in Scotland is one proposed site to test storing wind energy in old coal mines Ayrshire UAV Images/Alamy Flooded mines across the UK could store large amounts of wind energy that would otherwise go to waste by heating up the water within them. The heat could then be extracted to warm homes in winter. In 2022, enough wind energy to power more than a million homes was wasted in the UK, according to the think tank Carbon Tracker. That is largely because infrastructure for wind energy transmission and storage has not kept pace with the boom in wind turbine installations, forcing suppliers to pause production when demand falls below supply. That has spurred experts to search for new ways to store this energy for long periods in order to maximise how much can be captured when the wind is blowing. “The UK is peppered with mine shafts from the days of coal mining – we want to turn these holes in the ground into thermal stores to help balance the electrical grid and to decarbonise homes and businesses,” says a group of researchers led by Zoe Shipton at the University of Strathclyde in the UK in a proposal to explore this idea. Read more A big gulf in ocean science threatens to sink the climate change fight The group – which includes representatives from several energy companies, as well as the UK’s Coal Authority – is now studying the feasibility of the idea, with plans to run tests in a mine in Scotland by mid-2024. Sign up to our Fix the Planet newsletter Get a dose of climate optimism delivered straight to your inbox every month. Sign up to newsletter Shipton tells New Scientist this will involve warming the top 20 metres of the water in a mine shaft with loops of steel tubing carrying a heated fluid. The researchers will use the experiment to answer a slew of questions about the safety of such systems, from how the heat affects the water’s convection in the shaft to how it impacts the integrity of the concrete walls of the mine. Shipton says they have not yet settled on a site for the experiment, but are considering the Monktonhall Colliery near Edinburgh and the Barony Colliery south of Glasgow, which are among the deepest mines in Scotland. “The thing that I really like about this idea is that they’re trying to take all the infrastructure that has been abandoned and do something useful with it today,” says Lorenzo Sani at Carbon Tracker. There are around 170,000 mine entrances in the country. Shipton estimates that if just 1 per cent of those were used to store heat, they could provide enough energy to warm 10 per cent of UK homes for a week, even in a worst-case scenario of cold weather and low energy production. Read more Cooling system could replace air con and drastically cut energy use If heated to at least 55°C (131°F), Shipton says the mine water could be used directly in district heating networks or industries that use low-grade heat. She says mine shafts are ideal for storing heat because they are well insulated, and the water in them is already kept relatively warm by geothermal energy and chemical processes. There are more than 40 sites in the country that already use heat extracted from naturally warmed mine water, says Jon Gluyas at Durham University in the UK. The Dutch town of Heerlen also uses industrial heat to recharge mine water for supplying warmth to the town in winter. But he says Shipton’s plan to use surplus renewable electricity to heat the water is new and interesting. He thinks the idea could be particularly valuable for communities that lost livelihoods from the closure of the mines. “We can rebuild communities around a shared heat facility,” he says. Gluyas adds that finding ways to reuse heat is a very efficient application of surplus energy. “You can’t beat the second law of thermodynamics. But you can snuggle up pretty close to it,” he says.

Try and reduce that by the amount the extra modules would have generated.

Is it an adaptor to fit the tap into a bigger hole.

(expletive deleted)ing iPrat users. Can't even take a picture that is viewable. It is part 13, or a similar number.

I suspect you have not got the interior warm enough and this is keeping the RH high. So really sure how good Actis multifoil is in reality. How large are the gaps between the ceiling and the roof materials?

I take it you read this then. https://www.noaa.gov/news-release/2023-ozone-hole-ranks-12th-largest-on-record And then misunderstood it. I calculated it a while back, can't remember where I posted it.

Is the mould on the exterior north facing, so shaded? Not sure what the other pictures are showing.

Earth passes 2°C of warming on hottest day ever recorded The global average surface temperature was more than 2°C higher than pre-industrial levels on 17 November for the first time since records began, according to provisional data By Michael Le Page 20 November 2023 Flooding in West Flanders, Belgium, on 17 November – an event occurring more frequently due to climate change Shutterstock Yet another unwanted temperature record may have been set in 2023. According to a preliminary estimate, the global average surface temperature on 17 November was more than 2°C above pre-industrial levels for the first time. “Our best estimate is that this was the first day when global temperature was more than 2°C above 1850-1900 (or pre-industrial) levels, at 2.06°C,” tweeted Sam Burgess at the Copernicus Climate Change Service. The finding is provisional, she said. While exceeding this milestone on one day shows how rapidly the planet is warming as a result of rising greenhouse gas levels, it doesn’t mean that the 2°C warming limit has been breached. “Hopefully it will prove transitory, but it’s a worrying sign,” tweeted Zeke Hausfather at Berkeley Earth. The Paris Agreement established a goal to limit the increase in the global average temperature to “well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels” and pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. It didn’t clearly define what was meant by a rise of 1.5°C or 2°C above pre-industrial levels, but climate scientists generally regard it as being when the long-term average temperature has risen by more than 1.5°C or 2°C compared with the late 19th century. The nature of averages means it won’t be clear when the world passes these limits until several years afterwards. The definition of pre-industrial matters too. Human-caused warming actually began as early as the mid-18th century, according to Michael Mann at the University of Pennsylvania, and had already raised temperatures by 0.3°C before the late 19th century. 2023 has been the hottest year in recorded history, with numerous maximum temperature records smashed around the world and yet more extreme weather. It could be the first year with an average temperature more than 1.5°C above pre-industrial times. Next year could be even hotter, in part because the climate has entered an El Niño phase, which transfers more ocean heat into the atmosphere. However, the long-term global average temperature isn’t expected to exceed 1.5°C of warming until the early 2030s, according to the last report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Preventing this would require limiting future emissions to less than 220 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide, an almost impossible goal given that annual global emissions are around 40 gigatonnes and still rising. The world is currently on course to pass 2°C of warming in the 2040s or 2050s, according to the IPCC. Global warming does appear to be accelerating, according to Hausfather, but is still in line with the projections of global climate models. COP28 must stick to 1.5°C target to save ice sheets, urge scientists A report warns that 2°C of global warming would mean losing most of the world’s ice sheets and glaciers, leading to catastrophic sea level rise By Alec Luhn 16 November 2023 Melting of the Greenland ice sheet could result in catastrophic sea level rise Lukasz Larsson Warzecha/Getty Images The world must stick to its target to limit climate warming to 1.5°C to avoid catastrophic melting of ice sheets and glaciers, according to a report. The International Cryosphere Climate Initiative (ICCI), a group of scientists who study ice-covered parts of the world, warns that a rise of 2°C would liquidate most tropical and mid-latitude glaciers and set off long-term melting of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, leading to 12 to 20 metres of sea level rise. In the 2015 Paris Agreement, all countries committed to holding global average temperature to “well below 2°C” over pre-industrial levels and “pursuing efforts” to limit it to 1.5°C. Our still-rising greenhouse gas emissions have already caused almost 1.2°C of warming and put us on track to exceed 3°C. More than 350 cryosphere scientists have signed an open letter calling on countries to commit to the 1.5°C limit at the upcoming COP28 climate summit in Dubai. “From the cryosphere point of view, 1.5°C is not simply preferable to 2°C or higher. It is the only option,” Iceland’s prime minister Katrín Jakobsdóttir said in a statement. Earth’s regions of snow and ice are melting faster than we expected and already approaching tipping points, says Jonathan Bamber at the University of Bristol, UK, who reviewed the ICCI report." We need to put the brakes on, big time,” says Bamber. “Otherwise, we’re going to see irreversible changes in the polar regions that are going to have global consequences.” In the past two years, Antarctic sea ice has hit back-to-back record lows, Swiss glaciers have lost 10 per cent of their volume and a winter heatwave melted snow up to 3000 metres high in the Andes. But 2°C of warming would be much worse, the report warns. The Arctic Ocean would be ice-free almost every summer. Annual carbon emissions from thawing permafrost soils would equal those of the European Union today. And absorption of atmospheric CO2 would permanently acidify polar seas and threaten krill, salmon and king crab. The Himalayas would lose half their ice, disrupting water supplies for agriculture and hydropower and raising the threat of floods caused by glacial meltwater breaking through a barrier of ice or rock. One such flood killed at least 179 people in Sikkim, India, in October. A study this year found that 15 million people are at risk from sudden glacial floods, mostly in India, Pakistan, Peru and China. “The lakes will start to get larger and larger,” says Tenzing Chogyal Sherpa at the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development in Nepal, whose hometown of Namche Bazaar, Nepal, was damaged by an outburst flood in 1985. “They’ll be more and more hazardous, and once they get to a point, something can just trigger them, like a landslide.” Keeping to 1.5°C now requires the world to reach net zero emissions by 2034. Some scientists have argued 1.5°C is dead, while others point to the rapid uptake of solar and wind energy as reason for continued hope. “It could be that [over 1.5°C] is where we end up,” says Twila Moon at the University of Colorado Boulder, who helped organise the scientists’ letter. “But I think talking ourselves out of rapid change now is selling ourselves short on what is possible because [of] cultural tipping points, social tipping points.” And even above 1.5°C, “every tenth of the degree counts,” says Bamber.

Insulate them. Not difficult, just needs to be got on with. The question you are really asking is 'who pays'. In all cases it needs to be the property owner. Stop all the grants and incentives and legislate for improvements. Let the market sort itself out, no one is forced to buy a house.

Think it is more to do with carbon dioxide emissions reduction. They are champions for that.

A working week, i.e. 40 hours, a teacher's week, i.e. 20 hours, a 24/7 week i.e. 168 hours, a daylight week, it varies during the year, a sickness week, so add on 3 days before needing a sicknote. Are they all the same graduation length? Mine aren't.

I seem to remember that this has been discussed before. There seems to be a few different 'types' of quotes in the building trade.

Or Precision and Accuracy. https://www.engineeringenotes.com/surveying/theodolite-surveying/adjustment-of-a-closed-traverse-theodolite-surveying-surveying/14172 Just turn it on its side.

It was an 80's beat combo headed by Robert Smith.

I think I get an hour thrown in before midnight. I am usually asleep by then. It was that hour I initially locked out with secondary timers as it seemed pointless. I only use 4 hours of the E7 window at most and I think I can get away with using just 3 of them.