SteamyTea

How, and where, is the energy lost to induce the temperature change in the fluid?

I do, but with a sauna, which is a relatively flimsy timber structure, that is thermally cycled, with ΔT of 80K, uncontrolled ventilation becomes a fact or life, so embrace it. Just make sure that there is a controllable vent on the roof.

Really. Nylon is a typical tent material, it has a thermal conductivity of 0.25 W.m-1.K-1. Granite is 2 W.m.-1.K-1. Say the tent material is 0.001m thick and the granite wall is 0.6m thick. Nylon U-Value = 1(L/k) = 1/(0.001 [m] / 0.025 [ W.m-1.K-1]) = 250 W.m-2.K-1 Granite U-Value = 1(L/k) = 1/(0.6 [m] / 2 [ W.m-1.K-1]) = 3.3 W.m-2.K-1. It is the thermal conductivity that is important. To emphasise this more, think about the units involved. Thermal losses are measured in watts [W], which is a joule per second [J.s-1), so is energy divided by time. Specific Heat Capacity is a measure of energy stored, joules [J] and has nothing to say about time. Make a tent out of 0.6m thick nylon walls and the U-Value will be 0.4 W.m-2.K-1. Looking at the mass, Nylon is 1150 kg.m-3, granite is around 2700 kg.m-3. So a granite has a density of 2.35 that of nylon. So even of the building was made from 0.6m thick nylon, it would still be lighter. If just adding mass to a building's external structure reduced the thermal losses, life would be easy, just pile mud up to the top of the chimney and be done with it, and call it a cave.

No. Saunas, because of the high temperatures , and associated convection, need proper ventilation. People worry about the off-gassing of foam insulation that is behind a VCL, but don't give too hoots for the VOCs coming off timber.

Makes no difference, it is the overall thermal conductivity of the building that governs the heat loss times.

Spoonerism Weekly described me as a shining wit.

Other way around. A dome has less surface area than a cube.

I can't recommend anyone these days. We used to make out own log saunas because of the high price of getting them imported. You can look at getting a log shed, and then modifying it. Probably your best bet.

Under STP, not in situ.

I used to make saunas, you are going to struggle at the price you are thinking of.

PV/T=C Where P = pressure, V = Volume, T = Temperature and C is a constant (for an ideal gas). A heat pump is a bit more complicated as it also involves the refrigerant usually changing phase, which changes the amount of energy that can be absorbed for a given volume or mass. When a heat pump modulates, generally the pressure on one side of the pump is varied, though the volume pumped (rather than the overall volume of gas stored) can also change. To keep C constant, the temperature varies, that can be the air or water temperature supplying the energy, or the delivery temperature exiting the heat pump. The best way to think of what is happening is to think of a heat pump as having two side, the cold side (absorbs energy) and the hot side (delivers energy). At the 'end' of each is either a pump, or an expansion chamber (though there are by-pass pipes/valves as well). So while a heat pump can have just about any gas in it, refrigerant gases are used as they work in the ideal temperature range. You could use helium and get down to close to 4K, and up to many hundreds of K, but that is expensive, and not that reliable. Water can be another refrigerant gas, but the temperature ranges it uses are a bit limiting, and it tends to corrode most materials it touches (why it is known as the universal solvent). It really comes down to how the manufacturer has set up the heat pump as to what temperature ranges it can be used at, and within those ranges, there will be a most efficient temperature to operate it at, with performance changing as it moves away for that ideal.

Keep them empty and I shall come over and put some decent logging in. Then I can publish a paper about them, mostly at your expense.

My Father may have been his boss (boss is a Dutch word, which is quite appropriate when discussing Shell). We got rewarded with 2 years in France, then 3 in the Dutch West Indies. Both were better than Corringham.

I used to work next to Buncefield, the office had one side destroyed and all the servers were exposed to the weather. My house was less than 4 miles away, and apparently the bang was so load, all the neighbours evacuated their houses as they thought a plane had crashed (9/11 was still a thing back then). My parents lived on the other side of the Chilterns, about 30 miles away crow flies, and it shook their house. I was down here, so missed it all, but went up after and took a few pictures. How no one was killed is quite amazing when you see the damage done. When I was a kid, we got moved to Essex as my Father had the job of recommissioning Shellhaven oil refinery after the fire. During final testing, a JCB with the bucket up, hit a high pressure valve and started a new fire (1966 I think). We had to stay in Essex longer (1970), and I still cannot shift the accent.

Yes, they are different, and different between, what seems on the face of it, similar 'fuels'. Gasolene and diesel may seem similar. Gasolene has a flash point of -42.8°C and an autoignition temperature of 246 to 280°C. Diesel has a flash point of 37.8 to 65.6°C and an autoignition temperature of 210°C. (those temperatures can vary depending on the blend)

Been in most of the day, I hate the cold. (Did pop out and spend over double on a couple of coffees though)

A good laugh as it will have produced so N2O.

While you are at it, why not see how it correlates with outside temp and RH from nullschool.net

What were the particulate emissions?

A bubble as they say in the east end.

Is there subtitles?

Not read all of the above TL;DR if you can rent out a place for a number of years, and make more money than the the CIL or capital gains is going to be, then rent it out. If you can't, then sell. Treat it like a business, not a tax avoidance scheme.

Welcome. The adding of 'tech' is often misunderstood. There is the hardware i.e glazing, heating, lights, security. Then there is the control of it, i.e manual, semi-automatic, automatic, remote and/or local. Finally there is the monitoring, i.e. remote, local, just data data and control. Most end up with a basic heater and an adjustable weather compensation controller. Not enough people collect and analyse usage data.

Careful saying that, @Pocster, the master of a long build, will be around to get his guitar strings (that is a real medical term according to Dr Ben Goldacre) stummed.

SWEB vanished In 2006. Have you asked on the Antiques Road Show?