sgt_woulds

But back to the OP's question: Alongside the alarm you should really consider a smokescreen system. If they can't see it they cant steal it

Personally, I think introducing a little public shame back into society might work wonders - bring back the stocks and televise the rotten tomato throwing. There is so much open lawlessness on the streets we could never throw enough people in prison to curb it. There are gangs marauding pavements on stolen mopeds and people openly shooting up on the bench outside our local police training station. As the police pull out in their vehicles they deliberately look the other way. The decline in morals and public order is shocking. The increasing apathy in policing is even more so.

Isn't it strange how the bad bosses seem to have all the luck? I had one, who used to call us all 'see you next tuesday' every other word. Vile man, but he could turn on the charm when he wanted to and most people who didn't work with him thought he was just a 'rough diamond'. He always got away with things that would see the rest of us in hospital or prison. Typical example: Overloaded van Torrential rain No seat belt Holding phone to ear with a shoulder Because he was rolling a fag with his hands and steering with his knees Over 90 mph (Me with my head in a book trying not to see what the idiot was doing and silently praying as he swerved in and out of lanes...) We get pulled over by a jam sandwich and he comes on with the cheeky-chappie cockney sparrow routine. Much laughter all around. Then they ask his date of birth and realise it's his birthday. 'So which one of these offences would you like us to charge you for then...?' The fact that it was hissing down with pets and they wanted to go off shift probably helped. Only got done for using a phone.

Yes, when I first got on roofs this was how my then boss expected us to work. 'That's just how everyone does it...' He also liked to make 'ladders' out of any bits of timber that were lying about. I politely told him to do it himself and I would watch from the van and take photos for the H&S investigation. Pretty cocky for a 20 year old rookie I know, but we were both in the TA and he knew that one day I might be standing next to him with a rifle and I'm sure he'd like to know which way I'd point it when it counted. Even back then a roof ladder cost peanuts; he bought a Youngmans ladder the same day for less than £200 and it saved his life a couple of days later when he was overreaching and the slate he was standing on slipped. He only just managed to grab the ladder, but it held, and so did he.

You should never rely solely on what you read on the interwebs... 🙂 Plus my knowledge doesn't extend to WUFI software, unfortunately. I have fitted solar panels to an externally insulated roof in the past. From memory, the screws were 280mm long and even though the timbers were over 100mm wide we were extremely nervous about hitting centres. We had a jig made that would hold the screws vertical to the face of the roof as they went in, and hired a pull-out rig, (used for testing 'man safe' systems) to ensure that each screw had hit its mark. We also used extra fixings on the frames' outer edges for additional insurance. It worked, but it was a total PITA and took an age to complete. Nothing is impossible, but all options should be weighed up and thought through. I'd be interested to know how you resolve this.

Too true, but you get where I'm coming from - to the layman, (our Landlord could not be more 'Lay') BS stands for something else! They only care about what the government has 'suggested' and that BC are familiar with. @Benpointer always good to get an expert viewpoint. I look at the fold-down rail to the right-hand side of the toilet and think, 'If a wheelchair user is expected to use that on their own without sustaining a concussion, then a toilet seat lid will be child's play!' Personally, I think the lack of lid is more to do with its use in public facilities - cheaper to buy, easier for cleaners to see if the last dirty scrote has left them a message, quicker to clean, and less likely to be damaged or ripped off by the animals that use these spaces.

Thanks, but BS 8300 is not mandatory. We only need to comply with building control Part M, (or possibly Part T if the building use changes). Really, I just need to know if there is some section or amendment to Part M that I haven't seen that precludes the lid. Otherwise, it appears to me, that manufacturers who sell Part M 'approved' toilet seats are talking out of their derrière 🙂

The only time we ever had PV panels come off was with a zinc standing seam roof. To be fair, the panels didn't come off the roof, the whole roof detached from the building and landed in a field about a quarter of a mile away. [Wish I'd seen it happen - the roof was about 4 football fields in size and it landed in one, (rather twisted) piece]. It seems that the roofers hadn't used the correct number of fixings per metre specified by the structural engineer to counter the PV uplift. In any contract, always ask for photos of the completion of any key stage to prove that instructions have been followed. And ensure that a structural engineer confirms the roof design. Don't rely on an architect for this aspect - they know next to nothing about how a building is put together.

Can anyone point out to me where it states in either approved documents T or M that the toilet seats can't have a lid? The only specific mention regarding the seat I can see is height from the floor, (between 480-500mm). However, the only available part M-approved seats I can find come without lids, and our landlord refuses to fit anything else. As this is a commercial - rather than a publicly accessible building - I think we should decide based on a risk assessment that includes a balance of risks. We have a one ambulatory-access female toilet and one wheelchair accessible universal toilet, (the de facto Male toilet). We do not have any employees in a wheelchair, (or with any mobility issue) and only see visitors in a blue moon. The likelihood of any accident caused by having a lid is extremely low - especially regarding the number of times this facility will be used for disabled access purposes, (in our case next to never). The risk to health from the spread of bacteria and disease is much higher without the toilet bowl being enclosed during a flush. (There is publicly available evidence to show that flushing with no lid or with the lid up creates an aerosol of water and ‘other things’ which coats every surface in the room – flushing with the lid down reduces the toilet plume by between 30% and 60% ) Balance of risk therefore confirms that the health risk from flushing outweighs any difficulty caused by lifting a lid. I have suggested fitting a toilet seat with a handle as a compromise. If in the future, we employ somebody with additional needs, we can create an employee-specific risk assessment. Is there anything in either document or some other standard that I am unaware of to dispute this argument?

It may be possible to use all insulation above the rafters - with a WUFI assessment to confirm that it works. I cannot stress that enough. Also, using woodfibre above the rafters would require a significant depth of insulation to achieve similar U-values to the example shown above - you would be using dense insulation boards throughout and these do not provide as good a U-value as the flexible woodfibre used between the rafters. Shown below is a build-up with U-value of 0.248 W/m2K: Here, the 18mm OSB3 is used without a VCL membrane and a UDB breathable membrane is used above the insulation. Ubakus doesn't have the TLX Batsafe listed, but this should provide a similar performance. Two layers of woodfibre are shown, 100mm of better U-value, and a layer of 40mm which has a hydrophobic coating to provide additional weatherproofing. In this case, the breather membrane is used as protection from the bats, otherwise it would not be required. If you can find the correct quality of OSB3, (unfortunately, not easy in the UK) it can be taped and sealed to provide both airtightness and vapour control. You could also use a VCL over the ply if required. Points to consider: Fixing Length – with this thickness of build-up the fixings would be a minimum of 220mm long. The fixing process needs to be exact to make sure that the fixing penetrates the centre of the supporting rafters. This can be difficult to achieve consistently with such long lengths. If a lower U-value is required then the overall build-up increases as does the screw length. Counter batten size – the counter batten and screw hold all the insulation in place and need to be designed to withstand any wind & snow loads and carry the weight of the external finishes. The counter batten width needs to be sufficient so that when the fixings pull into the structural frame, the batten doesn’t pull into the insulation layer; the woodfibre is relatively dense but this needs to be accounted for. Hence the fixing manufacturer, (e.g. HECO Topix Screws) must design a fixing methodology to consider all the following factors – wind load, snow load, exposure, insulation type, batten size etc. The same build-up using F1 felt and a V-VCL membrane will show moisture issues in Ubakus, but again, if you have it assessed by a WUFI expert you may find this is within acceptable levels. I suggest speaking to 'Mike Wye' or 'Back to Earth' as they have more real-world experience in their technical teams and will be able to advise accordingly.

TLX has been on the market for decades now - I'd be very surprised if it was not up to the job. When I spoke to the bat expert on our roof replacement job, TLX was still fairly new and the manufacturer had only just come up with an approved testing method to confirm performance. Her objection was that it hadn't been proven safe in the real world; obviously, they couldn't test it on real bats and used a spinning apparatus with lots of little hooks (like a wool carding board) to simulate bat claws scrabbling against the fibres. I'm not quite sure what she actually expected them to do to prove it! I'm sure TLX must have that real-world evidence by now, but if it is still killing bats I'm sure there would be more horror stories on the interwebs. As to your other questions: Yes, 35mm woodfibre sarking - labels removed as this is not the place for company adverts and I'm not answering 'officially'... 'Simple' U-value calculators such as UBAKUS will always show a moisture risk as they can't accurately model the sorbative properties of natural insulation. The fact is, there will be some moisture forming on the very outside layer of the insulation, and it is imperative when you design for a moisture-restricted system, that you allow for a path. to transport it back inside the building when conditions allow. To be effective, this drying path, (driven by sorption and breathability) must remove more moisture long-term than it accumulates over short periods. The only way to confirm if this will work in each situation is to have a WUFI assessment interpreted by an experienced assessor. We don't generally advise vapour-restricted constructions with natural materials and It won't work in all situations - but we should never let perfect get in the way of good enough! If WUFI confirms that the moisture load is not excessive long-term, then it is a solution that can be weighed up in this particularly tricky circumstance. I'm not against combining natural and unnatural materials, but again this should be modelled carefully; I'd be driven by the WUFI expert's advice on this. Moisture will get past gaps in the PIR and condense into water between the PIR and felt. As PIR is not sorbative, this moisture will not easily transport back inside and will build up. Freeze/thaw at this junction could cause damage to the felt and PIR. Another thing is that PIR insulation shrinks - especially when subjected to a high-heat location under tiles - and this would increase moisture issues and reduce thermal performance. Open rafters are not a solution, you need a moisture vapour-variable membrane, that will restrict moisture entering the insulation but still allow it to return inside when conditions allow. Most moisture issues are caused by poor airtightness rather than the type of insulation material. It is, (theoretically) possible to create a fully airtight roof insulated with unnatural materials but it is not likely in reality. This is where the vapour open and sorbative, (active moisture movement) of natural materials wins out - but it still requires very careful taping and sealing of the V-VCL to make it work. This will also make your building more airtight which is just as important as increasing the U-value. I'd fit this membrane myself - I'd never trust the average builder to take the time to do it properly.

I work for one of the woodfibre insulation manufacturers we’ve had a couple of similar questions regarding bats in the last few months – hopefully, this means there is an uptick in bat population, but it is awkward to specify a suitable breathable build-up. Below I have copied the relevant parts of some previous conversations FYI: Firstly, unlike spun fibre insulation, such as fibreglass or Rockwool, woodfibre insulation does not pose a direct threat to bats due to entanglement. However, speaking as an ex-roofer - and having seen what guano can do to structural elements, membranes, insulation and electrical cables - I’d recommend keeping them separate wherever practicable. There is a fundamental contradiction when considering the building fabric's breathability and ensuring a safe environment for bats. Breathability is critical for the building fabric, and the only way to achieve this in a risk-free scenario is to use an external layer that ensures water vapour can escape. So a breather membrane or vapour open board. However, the risks associated with long-term exposure to guano should not be underestimated. In volume, it can also pose a significant risk to the wood fibre and the structural timber. The use of a bituminous felt is therefore the recommended approach when roofing to ensure no potential trapping of the bats and to protect the structure. Of course, bituminous felt is non-breathable and hence not ideal for the building fabric. Creating a fully vented cavity below the felt can solve the breathability issues but you also need to vent this at the eaves, and ridge which is not straightforward when trying to ensure that bats can’t access this ventilation space. You could use TLX ‘Bat Safe’ breathable membrane as an alternative to Bitumen F1, but I’d be guided by the bat experts on this. I remember speaking to an ecologist on a job 15-20 years ago and they were critical of the testing procedures used to validate the membranes. This is not a fault of TLX, more that it is hard to test without using real bats! Hopefully, they’ve resolved any issues by now and I'd hope that they have some long-term monitoring data to confirm it's real world performance. You certainly shouldn’t use a standard breather membrane -I’ve stripped it off a roof where it was killing bats that got tangled in the threads and it was a sad sight. I’d still rather use the felt though. My gut feeling is it will stand up to the acid in the droppings better, but I only have personal experience to go on. I have, (unfortunately) dealt with many pigeon infestations where good old F1 felt stood up well to the muck, but on the job I had with bats and the breather membrane you could poke your finger through the membrane where the guano was removed. Going down the ventilated void route would sort breathability, but reduce available insulation depth. In addition, we always recommend a secondary water removal layer below felt as it can degrade over time, which makes the build-up more complicated. A more holistic approach may be to consider a non-vented build-up which allows breathability back to the inside. In this scenario, external ventilation is not critical, but overall performance should always be justified by a long-term hygrothermal analysis of the fabric, (via software such as WUFI which also considers external exposure, rain, shading, occupation and use, etc on a project-specific basis). As an example of a vapour closed approach, please see the build-up below, which may be an option with suitable analysis. This uses a woodfibre sarking board externally and woodfibre flex insulation between the rafters: In this simplified example, the U-value, based on an existing 120mm rafter, is 0.26W/m2K. You will see that there is condensation shown by the software, (U-bakus) - but, with full WUFI analysis, this may well be at a level that is not critical. SIGA, (and other manufacturers who produce moisture vapour-variable control membranes) will undertake a WUFI assessment if their membrane is used, so we have shown their Majrex 200 and would recommend this as an alternative approach which addresses some of the factors discussed above. [not shown in the diagram is the lime or clay plaster on the woodwool panels] Felt does degrade over time, (so do breather membranes) but in my experience, this is exacerbated by their own weight stretching the reinforcing fibres over time and under summer heat. Fully supported over a sarking board this should be less of an issue. Even if the felt does fail in 50-odd years time, then, (if you choose the right product) the woodfibre sarking can act as an additional weatherproofing layer with its hydrophobic surface coating. Using an external sarking board and counter battens as in this example will only raise the overall roof by 60mm which really only shows at the gable ends, and can again be ameliorated with architectural detailing. A conservation officer probably wouldn't even notice it on the finished roof from the ground unless you pointed it out to them. A practicable modification to the existing roof profile that allows for lowering CO2 emissions, protects the building structure, and allows a safe habitat for wildlife it is a compelling argument to use with planning and conservation officers, and ensures the building will be fit for use for many more years with minimal visual difference. Surely this is all they can ask for. In terms of ultimate U-values, this isn't the be-all and end-all in terms of thermal comfort, and building regs with older properties. For existing elements in existing buildings, Part L of the Building regs defines a threshold value of 0.35W/m2K for Roofs in certain conditions where it's not practical to achieve the modern requirements. Worth discussing with your BCO; for an older building, most BCOs are now sympathetic to the argument that breathability is more important than the insulation value. Woodfibre will also provide more decrement delay than unnatural insulations; summer heat protection is probably just as important these days as keeping warm in the short winter months. I suggest speaking to advisors at: Home | spab.org.uk and Historic England - Championing England's heritage | Historic England as they have experience with upgrading the thermal performance of old buildings whilst maintaining their architectural features and may have some case studies you can use. Can you provide links to the information about Batsafe membrane being unsafe for bats? I can only find historic 'concerns'.

Have you measured the local grid voltage? In parts of the UK, (Cambridge, Norfolk, Suffolk) grid voltage can be quite high. Back in 1999/2000 before feed-in-tariff and DNO limits came in we had to manually program the SMA inverters to allow them to work outside of normal grid voltage ranges (at the time, a very narrow range which did not reflect reality). There were also a lot of arguments with DNO at the time as they were essentially caught out for having defective regulation of the grid. We found that voltages in Cambridge normally 'floated' at about 250 volts, but in some areas (end of transmission lines) grid voltage could be well over 260volts/ Highest variance I ever recorded was in a cottage in the middle of a field in Devon. Having done 3 return visits from London I eventually persuaded my company to allow me to sit there for two entire days monitoring the grid voltages. At various times of the day, voltage spiked to a constant 278 - 280 volts then dropped down to 230-238 volts the rest of the time. There were specific times of the day that these occurred. TCALST: The cottage was at the end of a very long transmission line, immediately after a clay works. Every time they stopped for a planned break, machines and furnaces turned off and voltages spiked. The homeowner told me she was always having to replace electrical appliances - she thought it was just due to poor build quality and bad luck! Perhaps you have a similar situation in France that is being exaggerated by daisy-chained inverters?

In Europe most sockets don't have switches. Funny old world.

Watch: Burglar caught in Home Alone-style trap On our vans we rigged up starter pistol caps to explode if the side doors were bent down. Same on a shed door at our yard. Judging by the puddle and splashes, when it went off, it caused a very physical reaction from the would-be thief 🙂 Once, after a late night out at the pub, I'd just flopped into bed when I heard my van alarm going off. I dashed outside and chased the little tyke down the street. After about 200 yards I realised it was quite nippy outside. Having a drunk angry man rushing out at you in his birthday suit, screaming blue murder and brandishing a toothbrush with evil intent, (I've no idea why I grabbed that as I shot outside) seems to be a fairly good deterrent.

Unfortunately, part of my compliance role is to conduct due diligence for our timber supply to conform with the UK Timber Regulations. All of the timber used for our products is sourced in Poland from the state forestry within 150 miles of our mills, so the supply chains are fairly clear and simple, but I do know that there is some conflict timber coming into the country via Belarus, and there are possibilities for corruption as anywhere. I tried using Bing Copilot to research corruption and illegality linked to the timber trade for our specific sources and supply chain routes. Pont blank, the results it gave back were total BS. It stated unequivocally that seven of our regular hauliers were directly linked to the transport of illegal timber, but unfortunately, unlike the example above it didn't provide any links for me to check it's sources, which is a vital part of my due diligence. I wasted about 3 hours trying to find evidence using google searches and brought up nothing. I questioned Copilot again referencing its earlier answers and asking for links to sources. After the seventh or eighth rephrased query it finally admitted that it had no information to corroborate its earlier claims. An 'apology for confusion' popped up saying that this Copilot session was to be 'reviewed' All the other searches then started to return results such as below, but no more pop-up apologies: I won't be trusting AI for my research in the future - current evidence is that it is no more truthful, honest, or informed than the average politician. I recently received an e-mail from Inland Revenue boasting that it's new AI customer service gave correct answers 80% of the time in a trial with 1000 people and is now to be rolled out to a capacity of 15,000 real customers. This means that up to 3000 people each year will get the wrong advice regarding their TAX affairs. Superb.

Am I right in thinking there is a minimum height but no maximum? All of mine are set out 1m above the floor level. So much easier on dodgy knees and back. At my mother's house, one of the rooms has all of the sockets just below the ceiling!

Agreed - see my comment re- common sense... 🙂 My dad's generation would say 'don't lower yourself to their level'. Are they your only neighbour?

For paid workers: The Control of Pollution Act 1974: The general guideline across most parts of the UK is that noisy construction work should be limited to: Monday to Friday: 8:00 am to 6:00 pm Saturday: 8:00 am to 1:00 pm Sundays and Public Holidays: No noisy work is usually allowed In most cases, building work on Sundays is prohibited or heavily restricted to quieter tasks that won’t disturb the peace of residential neighbourhoods. While most noisy construction is banned on Sundays, there are a few exemptions: Emergency repairs: This can be carried out even on a Sunday if work is required to address an immediate safety issue (e.g., fixing a burst pipe or repairing a damaged roof). Essential public works: In rare cases, time-sensitive public works projects may be granted permission to continue on a Sunday. Special permissions: Contractors may apply for a special permit from the council to carry out work on a Sunday, but this is typically only granted under specific circumstances, such as avoiding a major disruption or completing essential repairs. For DIY works: yes, you can do noisy DIY on a Sunday if you are considerate and limit the activity. However, your local authority may take a different view if your DIY is extensive and could fall within the description of construction activity. Only an inconsiderate arsehole would conduct noisy works on a Sunday unless out of dire necessity and of very short duration. If necessary, it also good practice to discuss with neighbours and ensure noisy works don't start until after 10am, (to allow for a lie-in) but consideration for others seems to be as rare as common sense these days.

I believe that is a mandatory requirement now?

I 100% agree that the DC connector types should not be mixed. We always made sure that we knew the exact make and model of the connector and any reputable manufacturer should be able to provide spare connectors and tools if they are an in-house design. However, single module Micro inverters will be working with much lower voltages and amperages than found in a typical DC string scenario. In reality, you are very unlikely ever to get a DC fault condition in the connector, (even if mixed and matched)if they are properly fitted But I've seen some horrors over the years... Including from the MCS 'instructor' who tried to demonstrate the fitting of MC3 connectors to a room full of installers with 'Grandad rights'. We really 'loved' being taught to suck eggs by someone who'd gone on a course himself 1 year prior and had zero roofing experience. MCS always was about making money for the people who ran MCS first, not making installs cheaper and safer for customers. Fires in isolators were definitely a thing back in the day - mostly from cowboy installers using AC isolators for DC, and some manufacturers, (notably ABB) not testing their products adequately for multiple high-current DC switching and IP rating. Electrically, below 50 volts DC an isolator is not required and manual disconnect of the connectors will suffice for replacement purposes, (one-off disconnection and assembly in a blue moon) - and you should always isolate the AC side first anyway so the inverter will not be generating. (Micro inverter lock-offs for DNO requirements are also on the AC side). We found it increasingly hard to swing this by MCS so ended up adding unnecessary kit and customer expense for an easy life. Duel panel Micros were not a thing then, but make more sense in this scenario.

The reason that MCS guidelines do not advise Micro inverters in the loft is that they run hot, very hot. Surface temperature over 60 degrees... After a couple of years of experience installing various micros, we advised people with hard-to-access roofs to bring the inverters into the roof space. This was a PITTA and reduced the efficiency somewhat, (low voltage DC running through longer cables creates losses) but gave a significant practical advantage. Hopefully things have changed now, but in those days Enphase Micros had a failure rate of 2 per 16 installed (average number of panels per install) within 3 years. Remember that the manufacturer will only provide replacement inverters if they fail, they won't pay for scaffold and labour to replace. If you have a bungalow, then by all means fit them on the roof. Otherwise consider access for replacement. We mounted them on Unistrut in free air and a cage was built around them to prevent accidental touch with large warning signs. We also paid attention to the ventilation in the loft or eaves and added additional vents if required. Cable management becomes is onerous, and you need to consider the larger roof penetration and protection of the cables, (so many installers just slip the DC cables under a tile with no mechanical protection). Remember, MCS like building regs are guidelines, not absolutes. If you can demonstrate that an alternative approach is just as safe, and especially where it has additional benefits, (ease of access, possible cooler running due to more free space around the inverter) then an MCS installer can certify it. With full roof arrays you'd need to justify other things anyway; the panels will be closer to the roof edges which requires uplift calculations and additional fixings/amelioration. One advantage of using PV panels instead of tiles is that the finished roof tends to be lighter, which allows more panels on a truss frame roof, especially if re-roofing one built between 1995 & 2005. I've seen so many roofs with more panels than they should have - how many Solar installers run structural assessments of the roofs before install? For a long while, (after MCS funding suddenly disappeared overnight due to ministerial idiocy) fixing other installer's mistakes kept our company afloat when all of the goldrush boys were going out of business... Happy days

As far as saving and storing reclaimed timber - yes it's not always easy or convenient and you do need to consider what the end use will be. Mine has been denailed and is stored outside and uncovered; they are nearly 7 metres long so I didn't have much choice! They do look grotty, but when I cut through the moisture has only penetrated a few mm and the heartwood is perfectly sound. I roughly cut them to size when needed and leave them to dry out indoors for a while, then a quick run-over with a heavy-duty sander or, (old expendable) planer makes them like new. These were all saved for internal stud work so don't need to be 100% die straight or dimensionally accurate, (still better than the typical wavy wet matchsticks you can pick up at your local DIY store). Getting them ready for use takes slightly longer and requires a bit more care in selection but is very satisfying if you can do it on a DIY basis at your own pace. If I intended them for structural purposes, (which they would be ideally suited too - well above C24 grade) then my storage requirements would change.

It's a reasonable primer but it's a shame that it doesn't cover engineered wood as this will probably have far more bearing going forward If we are to meet the volumes required for construction with the poor quality wood available now - and with an eye to protecting what little old-growth natural forest that is left - then we will probably need to rely on manufactured timber products to provide structural elements. LVL production grades the wood during peeling and uses it more efficiently in the finished product with consistent results. Depending upon the manufacturer, 100% of the tree is used as any waste bark etc can be burned in a CHP to help power the production process. It does however require better storage than sawn timber as it is not so resistant to wetting and drying cycles. It makes better use of fast-growing plantation wood which is what the world needs to rely on now, rather than clear-cutting and converting the prehistoric forest of the world. This will unfortunately remain a more expensive option until supply and demand curves meet in the middle.

"Also i was informed by a Finnish timber merchant manager that their flat land results in straightness and strength." But the slow growth in Finland, (all Scandewegian countries) is actually a problem now. Although they plant trees to replace the forests they cut down, it takes so long for the new trees to grow and demand is so high that they are deforesting virgin woodland at an alarming rate. The new trees can't capture and store carbon at the same rate as mature lichen forests (which take about 1000 years to reach peak capture and storage). Finland's timber sector is now a net producer of Carbon Dioxide and other countries are following similar paths, (e.g. it is estimated that all of Swedens unprotected old growth forests will have been logged within the next 50 years. The average age of trees in all the regions will be less than 100 years old. Couple this with the human rights violations of the Indigenous Sámi people - I would argue that timber from these areas, (Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Finland and Denmark) is just as bad for the planet as hardwood clearcutting in tropical forests, or the Redwood logging devastation in America.