Setup: a simple ten-year-old system solar thermal system consisting of a set of roof-mounted evacuated tubes serving a tank on the ground floor with a single pump station on the return line.
Last year the system, which had been rather neglected in terms of maintenance, showed signs of erratic performance. I had someone in to service it, they recharged the circulating fluid and also turned the pump down from its highest setting to the medium one. Everything went back to working fine – regular triggering of circulation pump and transfer of heat.
Fast forward a few months and I worked out from looking at the logged data that the system had started to lose heat to the collector at night – it was fine before the service but straight after the service this siphoning behaviour has started. Generally, not long after the panels lose the sun and the collector temp has dropped well below the tank temp, the circulation starts – the collector temp rises back up to a few degree below the tank temp and then they gradually both decline in parallel until the next day.
The HW tank has recently been replaced to accomodate a heat pump and so the ST has been drained, cleaned well this time, and recharged. The installer wasn't able to offer any specific answers to the siphoning issue other than perhaps the clean would have dislodged some muck that was having an effect. Unfortunately the system does still seem to be siphoning heat.
I have failed so far to find a local technician who can help or any relevant information on the internet that is aiding me in understanding how this problem might arise, what failure or lack might be the cause. Perhaps someone here can offer some knowledge to help!
If drainback systems are designed to avoid thermal siphoning, what is it in a pumped, pressurised system that prevents unwanted circulation at all? Is it the pump mechanism itself that prevents flow when not operating? A check valve prevents flow in the reverse direction but that is not what is happening here. What it is that has changed in my system that resulted in night time circulation? I have tried adjusting the ball valve above the flow meter that restricts the flow rate to see if that would help, but it doesn't seem to have done so.
Any suggestions that I can pass on to whoever I can find to work on the system will be gratefully received.