Hi,
The void is not needed if you use capillary open insulation. Simon D +1
Such as, wood fibre stuck via lime to wall. Limecrete blocks with limecrete infill between block and wall. Or any light earth mix from wall to inner leaf. DIY work mainly.
No damp open foil. Rely on a plaster layer for airtightness.
Air will loop around the void.
Rockwool needs the void.
Gypsum plaster sucks up water, so needs a void.
Gypsum plaster does allow water to pass through it but holds onto a lot. Hence all the mold you get with gypsum plaster board. Not recommend with solid walls.
Your choice is not using existing wall to help keep house airtight and build a new airtight layer.
Airtight means lower heating bills.
Have you looked at where the dew point would form with your build up? Ubackus gives an idea of the drying time. If you switch over to the german language version of the website and have the browser do auto translate, you get help articles. Further, the drying times can be ignored if the build up is capillary open.
Really its best to keep the build up capillary open So that any water can simply get out of wall as fast as possible.
Most natural solutions deal with sound really well. But is money.
PIR solution I would place direct on sandstone with a layer of render/something to even out airgaps. In US you'd spray foam it. But that will stick to the sandstone, very hard to remove, and generally not advised. Take your chances.
As for outside, if it had a lime render on it, put a harled lime(or similar) render on it. Such a render gives a much greater surface area, dries much quicker. If your changing the roof, extend the eaves if possible, less water will hit wall.
Have you read the SPAB books?