Yes, that’s very likely why. You’ve exposed bricks and mortar that were never meant to be below ground or regularly wet. Old mortar washing out makes it worse, as it lets water sit and wick up by capillary action.
Before, the path probably acted as a crude barrier. Now rain is hitting exposed, porous brickwork directly and soaking in.
Channel drains are still the right idea, but you’ll also need to repoint those joints and ideally add a small gap or drainage layer between the wall and path. Make sure finished levels stay below the DPC and water is directed away from the wall.