Very funny
I'm aware of the planning, detailing and cost issues of external insulation, which is why I want to avoid it if I can. I can't show the (supposed) historical frost damage because it's been covered up by render. Being 170 years old there is no DPC. The areas that are covered by render on the outside coincide with areas on the inside that have historically had damp problems, though that seems to have been cured by some specialist internal plastering done in the last 20 years and maybe a chemical DPC before that. I'm no expert but I guess the historic damp problems were due to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damp_(structural)#Rising_damp
My ideal outcome would be contact with some real expert who knows about this stuff, and who could, for example, measure the water content of the wall and test the strength of the brickwork, or come up with some mitigation scheme. I actually think the risk is quite small because I read somewhere that the wall has to be 90% saturated for it to be a problem. Most examples I've found were due to leaking pipes or are below DPC. Nevertheless I'd like to be sure because because the consequences of brick damage are fairly awful and would likely occur when I'm too senile to do anything about it.